Discrete choice analysis of the feed technology decisions of smallholder dairy farmers in Zimbabwe

This thesis investigates determinants of choices of supplemental livestock feed technology by smallholder Zimbabwe dairy farmers producing milk for sale. Survey data on observed choices of supplemental feeds included the introduced agroforestry technology of multi-purpose tree (MPT) fodder. A Random Utility Model to assess the determinants of these choices was postulated and tested. The main trade-off in farmers' choice of high protein feeds appeared between the use of purchased concentrates and MPT fodder; these feeds are mostly used in combination. The scale and productivity of the dairy enterprise, area planted to MPT fodder and experience with growing MPT fodder all significantly increase the probability of farmers' use of both MPT fodder and purchased concentrates. Model simulations show an increased probability of farmers' use of purchased concentrates with an increase in the number of cows producing milk for sale. Farmers' use of MPT fodder and purchased concentrates falls with increased crop revenue. Overall, profit motivation considerably influences use of purchased concentrates or on-farm produced MPT fodder and their substitution by smallholder Zimbabwe dairy farmers.