| This work is concerned with the synthesis of a novel water soluble phosphine, the 2-diphenylethyltrimethylammonium cation (Ph(,2)PCH(,2)CH(,2)NMe(,3)('+) (TBOND) amphos) and the synthesis and catalytic properties of a number of its transition metal complexes. In particular, the preparation of a series of rhodium complexes of amphos and their reactions with H(,2) and CO is discussed. Several of the phosphine complexes show catalytic activity for the hydrogenation and hydroformylation of olefins in a number of different systems. For example, the complex {(NBD)Rh(amphos)(,2)}('3+) is a precursor for the catalytic hydrogenation of olefins in one phase homogeneous media, two phase homogeneous media and in two phase heterogeneous media where the catalyst is adsorbed on a cation exchange resin. The hydrogenation of maleic and crotonic acids in D(,2)O and MeOH solutions is described, as is the reduction of styrene in EtOH/benzene solution. The activities of the amphos systems are compared with those of {(NBD)Rh(PPh(,3))(,2)}('+) and RhCl(PPh(,3))(,3). The reduction of styrene and 1-hexene either neat or in CH(,2)Cl(,2), Et(,2)O or n-pentane solution by aqueous amphos-rhodium catalysts in two phase systems is discussed. The same olefins can be hydrogenated by supported amphos-rhodium catalysts adsorbed on cation exchange resins, though activity is low. The hydroformylation of 1-hexene to heptanals by amphos-rhodium catalysts in similar two phase homogeneous media and supported systems is also described. |
