DEVELOPMENT OF AND IN THE GROUP: AN OBJECT RELATIONS PERSPECTIVE (GROUP THERAPY, PSYCHOANALYSIS, GROUP DYNAMICS)

The dissertation presents an account of small group dynamics in terms of object relations theory. The general aim is to refine and clarify the theory of group dynamics which originates in the work of Wilfred Bion by understanding its terminology in terms of object relations theory. The particular aim is to use that clarification to explore the relationship between group development and the development of the individual in the group.; The link between development of and development in the group is made by focusing on two modes of group relations: that of the individual to the group as a whole, and that of the individual to other individuals in the group. Object relations theory provides the conceptual framework within which both of these modes are elucidated, and the differences and connections between them explored. Examples are used to illustrate the implications of the account, and attention is given to the precision of the terms used and the criteria for their application.; Two theses are presented: Firstly, these two modes--the individual's relation to the group as a whole, and the individual's relation to the other individuals in the group--entail two distinct tracks of development which do not necessarily progress in tandem, though some correlation can be expected. The nature of this correlation is explored and some predictions are made about the developmental course of small groups. Secondly, the individual's representation of the group as a whole in important respects resembles that of a transitional object: an object which is neither self nor other but both. This second thesis is investigated for the light it throws on the individual's relation to the group as a whole in both its defensive and developmental aspects.