Identification Of Nematode Species Associated With Fig-wasp Co-evolution Symbiotic System In Xishuangbanna,Yunnan,China

Fig-wasp.co-evolution is one of the research hotspots of plant insect interaction all over the world.The system also includes nematodes.Fig,one of plantage's largest number of species,has about 750 species.At present,only about 40 species of nematodes related to figs have been found,remaining many fig-related nematode species unknown.There are about 100 species of Figs in China,and there are about 69 species in Xishuangbanna,Yunnan Province,China.However,only one species of figrelated nematode is found in Xishuangbanna.Accordingly,it is speculated that and the species of fig-related nematodes is abundant,and Xishuangbanna is a suitable environment for investigating fig-related nematodes.In this paper,under the consideration of morphology and molecular biological characteristics,14 species of nematodes related to fig were isolated and identified from 29 species of figs in Xishuangbanna,Yunnan Province,including 9 new species,4 species new reported in Xishuangbanna,Yunnan Province,and 1 species reported in China for the first time.The main results are as follows:1.Ficophagus auriculatae n.sp.is characterised by possessing the combined characters of a short PUS(6-16 ?m or 0.3 VBD long),excretory pore located between the metacorpus and the stylet basal knobs,testis multireflexed,amoeboid sperm,three pairs of subventral papillae on the male tail,rounded male tail tip without mucron,absence of gubernaculum and sickle-shaped spicules with aterminal cucullus.Its status as a distinct species is corroborated by molecular sequences of SSU,LSU D2-D3 and COX1.2.Ficophagus curtipes n.sp.is characterised by the possession of a spicule with a ventrally recurved tip(terminal barb),a short PUS(8-13 ?m or 0.4 VBD long),an ovoid spermatheca,presence of crustaformeria,excretory pore located near the head,amoeboid sperm,three pairs of subventral papillae on the male tail,rounded male tail tip lacking a mucron,and no gubernaculum.Its status as a distinct species is corroborated by molecular sequences of SSU and LSU D2-D3.3.Ficophagus annulatae n.sp.is characterised by possessing the combined characters of a short PUS(0.4 VBD long),a special spicule with Bending close to 90 ° from middle and to degraded rostrum,excretory pore located between the metacorpus and the stylet basal knobs,presence of crustaformeria,three pairs of subventral papillae on the male tail,rounded male tail tip without mucron,the second papillae nearing to the third papillae,absence of gubernaculum and sickle-shaped spicules with aterminal cucullus.Its status as a distinct species is corroborated by molecular sequences of SSU and LSU D2-D3.4.Ficophagus xishuangbannaensis n.sp.is characterised by the possession of a short PUS(0.5 VBD long),an ovoid spermatheca,presence of crustaformeria,excretory pore located near the head,amoeboid sperm,three pairs of subventral papillae on the male tail,the third papillae nearing to the second papillae,rounded male tail tip lacking a mucron,and no gubernaculum.Its status as a distinct species is corroborated by molecular sequences of SSU and LSU D2-D3.5.Ficophagus pisocarpatae n.sp.is characterised by the possession of a short PUS(0.4 VBD long),an ovoid spermatheca,presence of crustaformeria,excretory pore located near the head,amoeboid sperm,three pairs of subventral papillae on the male tail,rounded male tail tip lacking a mucron,presence of a mucron of reproductive female tail tip,and no gubernaculum.Its status as a distinct species is corroborated by molecular sequences of SSU and LSU D2-D3.6.Martininema semicordatae n.sp.is characterised by its possession of the combined characters of the EP located rather posteriorly for the genus at the nervering level,a long PUS(88-120 ?m or 7.0 VBD long),amoeboid sperm,three pairs of subventral papillae on the male tail,rounded male tail tip with mucron,absence of gubernaculum,and recurved rose-thorn-shaped spicule with a small pointed rostrum and no terminal cucullus.Its status as a distinct species is corroborated by molecular sequences of SSU,LSU D2-D3 and COX1.7.Teratodiplogaster auriculatae n.sp.is characterised by its possession of special stoma,a tooth liking plank,EP located rather posteriorly for the genus at the Posterior pharynx level,gubernaculum liking ladle,seven pairs of subventral papillae on the male tail,an ovoid spermatheca,absence of mucron.Its status as a distinct species is corroborated by molecular sequences of SSU and LSU D2-D3.8.Teratodiplogaster xishuangbannaensis n.sp.is characterised by its possession of special stoma,a tooth liking obtuse triangle,EP located Anterior Posterior pharynx,gubernaculum liking long ampuliform,eight pairs of subventral papillae on the male tail,presence of mucron on the tail tip,spicule with cucullus.Its status as a distinct species is corroborated by molecular sequences of SSU and LSU D2-D3.9.Acrostichus auriculatae n.sp.is characterised by its possession of species liking J with cucullus,gubernaculum liking belt,EP located posterior Posterior pharynx,nine pairs of subventral papillae on the male tail,presence of mucron on the tail tip.Its status as a distinct species is corroborated by molecular sequences of SSU and LSU D2-D3.10.Ficophagus centerae is characterised by a unique fusiform tail tip and short PUS(8-20 ?m or <1.0 VBD long)in reproductive females,excretory pore located near the head,spicules with an indistinct rostrum,male tail with three pairs of papillae,and broadly truncate tail tip.The species new reported in Xishuangbanna,Yunnan Province.11.Ficophagus virens is characterised by the following combination of morphological features: excretory pore anteriorly located near the head,short postvulval uterine sac,rose-thorn-shapedspicule,amoeboid sperm,no gubernaculum and three pairs of subventral papillaeon the male tail.The species reported in China for the first time.12.Ficophagus chaozhouensis is characterised by its possession of the combined characters of a short PUS(15(13.0-18.0)?m or 0.5(0.4-0.6)VBD long),excretory pore located near head,amoeboid sperm,three pairs of subventral papillae on the male tail,rounded male tail tip with mucron(with swollen structure or not),absence of gubernaculum and rosethorn-shaped spicule with a digitate rostrum with broadly squared tip,without a terminal cucullus.The species new reported in Xishuangbanna,Yunnan Province.13.Martininema guangzhouensis is characterised by possessing the longest postuterine sac(PUS)of all currently described females in the genus(84-148 ?m or >3.5 vulval body diam.(VBD)long),excretory pore situated near the level of the metacorpus,two pairs of subventral papillae on the male tail,and unique recurved and mitten-shaped spicules.The species new reported in Xishuangbanna,Yunnan Province.14.Martininema fistulosus is typologically characterised by possessing the combined characters of a medium to long PUS(3.3-5.0 VBD long in entomophilic female and 2.3-4.3 VBD long in reproductive female),EP located near the metacorpus,amoeboid sperm,a male tail tip bearing a sharp mucron,three pairs of subventral papillae on the male tail,absence of a gubernaculum and possession of ox-horn-shaped spicules that lack a terminal cucullus and have a short,broad and rounded rostrum.The species new reported in Xishuangbanna,Yunnan Province.