| Nangunhe River Basin basin includes Mengdong Town,Banlao Township,Banhong Township three towns,involving Nangunhe National Nature Reserve Cangyuan area.This region has the specificities of extremely rich biodiversity and small species populations and low ecological environment stability,which makes protection and management especially important.Meanwhile,the research age of regional biodiversity is relatively old,and there is no in-depth study on the activity rhythm of important species in this region.So this study using infrared camera trap technology to data collection of the terrestrial bird and animal in Nangunhe River Basin over a three-year period.And calculated the relative abundance index(RAI),monthly relative abundance index(MRAI),time-period relative abundance index(TRAI)and night-time relative abundance index(NRAI),thus analyze the species composition,relative abundance,fauna,Annual activity pattern,daily activity pattern etc aspect.And used the SPSS 20.0 for data test.The following main results and conclusions are obtained:1.From February 2017 to September 2019,we using infrared camera trap technology to monitored the terrestrial bird and animal in the fixed sample plots of Nangunhe River Basin.During the study period 60 infrared camera totally work 27 months,up to 6873 valid working days,took 122821 image data,mammal 20849,bird 1818.The effective detection of bird and animal is 2345 times,mammal 1977,bird 368.2.In these three years,we identified 14 orders,32 families,and 83 mammal and bird species,including 6 orders 15 families and 32 species mammals,and 8 orders 17 families and 51 species birds.By animal geography,61 species belong to the Oriental species,only 1 Palearctic species,21 species both Palearctic and Oriental wild distribution species exist.There are 4 species was category ? state key protected wild mammals: Asian Elephant(Elephas maximus),Leopard(Panthera pardus),Phayre's Langur(Presbytis phayrei),Northern Pig-Tailed Macaque(Macaca leonina).And 22 species was category ? state key protected wild mammals: Rhesus Macaque(Macaca mulatta),Stump-Tailed Macaque(Macaca arctoides),Chinese Serow(Capricornis milneedwardsii),Sambar(Cervus equinus),Asiatic Black Bear(Ursus thibetanus),Yellow-throated Manten(Martes flavigula),Wild Red Dog(Cuon alpinus),Samll Idian Civet(Viverricula indica),Black Great Squirrel(Ratufa bicolor),Northern Goshawk(Accipiter gentilis),Crested Goshawk(Spizaetus cirrhatus),Common Buzzard(Buteo buteo),Eurasian Sparrowhawk(Accipiter nisus),Crested Serpent-eagle(Spilornis cheela),Besra(Accipiter virgatus),Silver Pheasant(Lophura nycthemera),Red Jungle Fowl(Gallus gallus),Greater Coucal(Centropus sinensis),Brown Fish Owl(Ketupa zeylonensis),Collared Scops Owl(Otus bakkamoena),Oriental Pied Hornbill(Anthracoceros albirostris)and Long-tailed Broadbill(Psarisomus dalhousiae).3.Among the 83 mammals and birds species,the percentage of species effective detection in the total number of birds and mammals effective detection order was the same as the relative abundance index order,the species abundance is positively correlated with the effective detection number.The descending order is: Red Muntjac(Muntiacus vaginalis),Wild Boar(Sus scrofa),Sambar(Cervus equinus),Asian Elephant(Elephas maximus),Red Jungle Fowl(Gallus gallus),Chinese Ferret Badger(Melogale moschata),Silver Pheasant(Lophura nycthemera),Asiatic Brush-tailed Porcupine(Atherurus macrourus),Rhesus Macaque(Macaca mulatta),Red-bellied Tree Squirrel(Callosciurus erythraeus).Therein Rhesus Macaque and Red-bellied Tree Squirrel are arboreal species with occasional ground activities,and the other 8 species are ground dwelling birds and mammals.4.After analyzing the activity rhythm of 8 species are ground dwelling birds and mammals,the results are as follows:(1)After analyzing 8 species are ground dwelling birds and mammals activity rhythms,the following results are obtained: Analyzing the Annual activity pattern of 8 species,the monthly relative abundance index of each species varies significantly.The Silver Pheasant,Chinese Ferret Badger and Wild Boar,3 species showed a similar annual activity pattern,showing the peak in spring and summer,reaching the lowest in autumn and rising in winter.The annual activity patterns of Red Muntjac,Sambar and Asiatic Brush-tailed Porcupine,3 species were similar,the monthly relative abundance index was higher show up in spring and winter,and then decreased.The Asian Elephant and Red Jungle Fowl,2 species showed similar annual activity pattern,showing the monthly relative abundance in spring and summer,and reaching the minimum in winter.(2)According to the analysis of daily activity pattern,there were significant differences in time-period relative abundance index of the 8 species.Red Muntjac and Sambar have similar daily activity pattern,early morning and morning time period activity is frequent,with the enhancement of light,activity gradually decreased,in the evening activity gradually frequent up.The daily activity pattern of Chinese Ferret Badger and Asiatic Brush-tailed Porcupine was similar,showing "high on both sides,low in the middle",and higher activity frequency at night.(3)According to the analysis of daily activity pattern in four seasons,among the 8 species,only the Chinese Ferret Badger showed significant differences in time-period relative abundance index in each seasonal period,while the other species showed no significant differences.(4)The night-time relative abundance index analysis showed that Sambar,Chinese Ferret Badger and Asiatic Brush-tailed Porcupine had obviously nocturnal,while Wild Boar,Asian Elephant,Red Jungle Fowl and Silver Pheasant had diurnal activity,Red Muntjac has no obvious preference for daytime or nighttime activity,but activity slightly more daytime. |
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