| Climate change is a global environmental problem that has been widely concerned.The climate change in Northwest China is basically synchronized with the global climate change,and there are regional differences.Xinjiang has a vast territory,complex and diverse landforms,obvious spatial differentiation of meteorological elements,and a fragile ecological environment,which is very sensitive to climate change.Under the background of climate change,the study on the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of climate change in different regions in Xinjiang is of great significance for ecological construction,social and economic sustainable development,etc.Based on the topographical and geomorphic units of Xinjiang,this paper uses high-resolution reanalysis meteorological data from 1979 to 2018 in combination with spatial analysis and trend analysis methods to quantitatively study the spatial and temporal patterns of air temperature and precipitation in Xinjiang and their changing characteristics.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The annual average temperature distribution in Xinjiang is basically "higher in southern Xinjiang and lower in northern Xinjiang;From 1979 to 2018,the whole region of Xinjiang has been warming at a rate of 0.34?/10 a,with the most obvious warming rate of0.62?/10 a in spring and the least increasing rate of 0.09?/10 a in winter(2)In terms of spatial distribution,there are few regions in Xinjiang where the annual average temperature change significantly decreased,and the region with the largest decrease rate was-1.87?/10 a in the southwest of Kunlun Mountains at an altitude of over 6000 m.The rate of increase was 1.91?/10 a in the middle part of Beitashan-Nominggobi area.Urban distribution and topographic factors had certain effects on the temperature variation.The warming amplitude was the largest in the vicinity of 44°33 'N with a rate of 0.88?/10 a,and the warming amplitude was the smallest in the vicinity of 34°33 'N with a rate of-0.71?/10 a.The global meridional warming rate is 1.27?/10 a near 92°21 'E,and the temperature decrease is most obvious near 75°27 'E with a rate of-0.17?/10 a.In the range of 0?4000m above sea level,the temperature increases,while in the region above 4000 m,the temperature decreases.(3)The annual average precipitation distribution basically presents the rule that "the northern Xinjiang is more than the southern Xinjiang,the western Xinjiang is more than the eastern Xinjiang,and the mountainous region is more than the basin".From 1979 to 2018,the whole region of Xinjiang is characterized by wetness and the precipitation increase rate is22.9mm/10 a.The wetness is the most obvious in summer with a rate of 8.31mm/10 a,and the increase rate is the least in autumn with a rate of 3.84 mm/10 a.(4)In terms of spatial distribution,there were few regions with significant decrease in annual precipitation variation,and the largest decrease occurred in the southeastern part of Beitashan-Nuomin Gobi region below 1000 m altitude,with a rate of-29.28mm/10 a.The most significant increase occurred in the northwestern region of the western mountainous region of Zajunggar at an altitude of 3000 m to 4000 m,with a rate of 137.92mm/10 a.The altitude and slope aspect had great influence on the variation of precipitation.The wetting amplitude of the whole latitude near 49° 03'N was the largest with the rate of 104.33mm/10 a,and the wetting amplitude of 41°33'N was the smallest with the rate of 11.12mm/10 a.The range of global meridional humidification is the largest near 73° 48'E with a rate of64.53mm/10 a,and the increase rate is the smallest near 75°27'Ewith a rate of-11.82mm/10 a.The increase of precipitation in the whole region increases with the elevation,and has a certain relationship with the slope direction.(5)From 1979 to 2018,the annual mean temperature and annual precipitation in Xinjiang showed a significant upward trend,with an increasing rate of 0.34?/10 a and22.90mm/10 a,respectively.The overall climate change showed a warm and humid trend.There are regional differences in the trend and range of climate change of each topographic and geomorphic unit in Xinjiang.The climate of Tarim Basin,Junggar Basin,the eastern dry area of Tianshan Mountains,Tianshan Mountains,Altay Mountains,the western mountainous area of Junggar and Ili Valley show a warm and humid trend,and the variation range is not consistent.Dry in temperature range of the size of Eastern Tianshan area in junggar basin area > Tianshan region > Altai region > Ili river valley area > Tarim basin area,precipitation increase in size for the Kunlun mountains in turn tg-p > in the Western junggar region altai region > Tianshan area in junggar basin region > Tarim basin area in eastern tianshan dry area;The variation rates of temperature and precipitation in the Beitashan-Nomin Gobi region are 0.96?/10 a and-10.83mm/10 a,respectively,showing a warming and drying trend.The variations of temperature and precipitation in the Kunlun Plateau are-0.04?/10 a and 48.66 mm/10 a,respectively,showing a cold-wetting trend.(6)The temperature increase of basin-like topographical unit is much higher than that of the same latitude region in Xinjiang,but the precipitation increase is lower than that of the same latitude region in Xinjiang.The increase of temperature in longitude distribution is consistent with that in Xinjiang,and the increase of precipitation decreases with the increase of longitude.The climatic changes are most sensitive in the dry area in the eastern part of Tianshan Mountains and the north Tashan-Normingobi area.The average temperature is 0.42?/10 a and 0.27?/10 a higher than that in the same latitude area of Xinjiang,and the average precipitation is 10.17 mm/10 a and 29.56 mm/10 a lower than that in the same latitude area.The region mainly passes through low-altitude aeolian,dry landform,desert and Gobi area.(7)The temperature increase of mountainous topographic and geomorphic units was lower than that of Xinjiang with the same latitude and longitude.The increase rate of precipitation is higher than that of the same latitude region in Xinjiang,and the longitude distribution fluctuates sharply,and decreases with the increase of longitude.In terms of latitude distribution,the climate change in Yili River Valley was more obvious.The temperature increase was 0.33?/10 a lower than that in the same latitude region of Xinjiang,and the precipitation increase was 17.20mm/10 a higher than that in Xinjiang.Longitude distribution is the most obvious in the Altay mountainous region,the temperature increase is0.22?/10 a lower than that in the same longitude region of Xinjiang,and the precipitation increase is 18.75mm/10 a higher than that in the same latitude region of Xinjiang.The longitude distribution in the western mountainous region of Junggar and the Yili River Valley region is 0.13?/10 a and 0.18?/10 a higher than that in the same longitude region of Xinjiang,respectively.The regions with smaller temperature increase and larger precipitation increase are high altitude regions,and the regions with larger precipitation increase are concentrated on the windward slope of mountains. |
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