| The rapid development of urbanization and industrialization in China since the reform and opening up has caused a large amount of ecological space to be squeezed out.Analyzing the ecological spatial pattern and studying the evolution process has important theoretical and practical significance for the construction of regional ecological civilization.Laizhou Bay is located in the south of Bohai Sea and northwest of Shandong Peninsula.It is one of the dense areas of human activities in Shandong Province.In recent years,due to the intensification of human development activities,ecological and environmental problems such as the loss of natural wetlands and soil salinization have frequently appeared.The problem of ecological space being occupied has become more and more serious.How to divide the ecological space range of the coastal zone under the background of priority to ecological protection and studying the characteristics of the temporal and spatial evolution of the ecological space,targetedly propose ecological space restoration and protection measures is the top priority of the overall planning of land and sea economic development and the construction of ecological civilization.This paper used the concept of man-land coordination and related ecological theories,took the Laizhou Bay coastal zone as the research object,used meteorological data,vegetation data,etc.to quantitatively evaluate the importance and sensitivity of the ecosystem service functions in the study area.Extracting the extremely important and important areas,ecosystem service functions and ecologically sensitive and sensitive areas in ecological land.Demarcating the ecological space range of the Laizhou Bay coastal zone in 1980,1990,2000,2010 and 2019.Studying the evolution characteristics of ecological space in different periods,and putting forward corresponding reasonable suggestions for existing problems.The main conclusions of the study are as follows:The area of importance of different types of service functions of the coastal ecosystem of Laizhou Bay is quite different,showing a general trend of increasing from sea to land.The areas with high service function importance were mainly concentrated in the eastern low mountain and hilly area and the Yellow River Delta area and their area was increasing.Generally,the important areas were concentrated in the northern coastal area.The overall ecosystem service function of the study area was mainly of general importance,and the regional ecological development was showing a positive trend,but there was still a lot of room for improvement.The extreme ecological sensitivity of the Laizhou Bay coastal zone has shown an increasing trend in recent years,and the area of the extremely sensitive area has continued to expand.The ecologically sensitive areas were mainly distributed in the Yellow River Delta,Laizhou Wenfeng Mountain,Zhaoyuan Luo Mountain and Longkou Zhilai Mountain and other mountainous hilly areas,accounting for about 3%of the total area of the study area.Ecological sensitivity was the second highest in areas along beaches and salt farming ponds.The ecological sensitivity of the cultivated land area in the southern plains was relatively low,and most of them were generally sensitive areas.Its area accounts for about 50% of the total area of the study area,and the area showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.The ecological space in the coastal zone of Laizhou Bay has a quantitative change from 1980 to 2019,and the area of ecological space has first decreased and then expanded.The area of ecological space decreased from 1980 to 1990,and the area of ecological space increased from 1990 to 2019,with the largest change in this period from 2000 to 2010.In terms of spatial distribution,regional ecological spaces were concentrated in Kenli District,the eastern part of Dongying District,the coastal area of northeastern Guangrao County,and the mountainous and hilly areas in the southeast of the three counties of Yantai City.There was also a small amount of ecological space in the northern part of Shouguang City,Changyi City and Hanting District.In terms of ecological space and land structure,the land types in the ecological space of the Laizhou Bay Coastal Zone from 1980 to 2010 were mainly forest and grassland.After 2010,the forest and grassland area has shrunk,and the water area in the ecological space accounts for a larger proportion.In terms of the increase and decrease of ecological space,the increase and decrease of ecological space in general were mainly concentrated in the area of the Yellow River estuary in Kenli District,the coastal area on the south bank of Laizhou Bay,and the mountainous and hilly areas in the southeast of Laizhou City,Zhaoyuan City and Longkou City.Except for the period 1980-1990,the area of ecological space in the study area increased more than the area decreased in each time interval,and the overall ecological space showed an increasing trend.In view of the existing problems in the ecological space of the Laizhou Bay coastal zone,targeted suggestions were put forward.There were phenomena such as wetland degradation and construction land infringement of forest and grassland in the ecological space of the Laizhou Bay coastal zone.The region should continue to advance the process of ecosystem optimization and restoration,and carry out ecological restoration of severely degraded areas in the ecological space,such as river wetlands,the Yellow River delta,and coastal waters.Improve the ecological protection and restoration mechanism,promote the green development of the region,and provide a scientific basis for the "blue sky,green land,beautiful mountains and clear waters,strong and prosperous" coastal zone of Laizhou Bay. |
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