Monitoring Of Brid Species Diversity During Breeding Period In Hunan Hupingshan National Nature Reserve

In order to find out the bird community structure during breeding period in Hunan Hupingshan National Nature Reserve,According to the requirements of the National Biodiversity(Birds)Demonstration Observation Project "Biodiversity Survey,Observation and Assessment Project of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment",from May 2011 to June 2020,in the protection zone by variable distance line set up seven birds monitoring sample line for long-term monitoring of birds breeding period.Based on the monitoring results,the species,quantity,distribution,diversity and dynamic changes of bird communities in the breeding period in the reserve during the breeding period were explored.To provide a reference basis for the protection of bird diversity in the protected area.Birds are an important part of the natural ecosystem.The change of bird population can reflect the change of local environment.The forest vegetation in Hunan Hupingshan National Nature Reserve is one of the few well-preserved areas in the subtropical region of China,and has become an important habitat for birds in the breeding period in Hunan Province.The main results are as follows.(1)A total of 32,401 birds,belonging to 235 species and 55 families,belonging to 15 orders,were recorded during the breeding period from 2011 to 2020 in Huubingshan National Nature Reserve.Among them,164 species,belonging to 37 families,were passerines.The dominant species was Spizixos semitorques.The fauna is dominated by Oriental species,a total of 138 species of birds were recorded,accounting for 58.72%.The resident type was dominated by resident birds,124 species,accounting for 52.77%.Among 235 species of breeding period birds,there are 36 species under state key protection,including 2 species under Class-? National Key Protected Birds:Mergus squamatus and Aquila chrysaetos.There are 34 species of Class-? National Key Protected Birds.The survey also found 15 species of birds that had not been previously recorded in Hunan province.(2)Among the seven bird transect in the breeding period,the number of bird species recorded in the 04 transect was the highest,and the number of bird species recorded in the 06 transect was the lowest.The number of birds in transect 02 was the highest,and the number of birds in transect 07 was the lowest.In terms of community diversity,the diversity index,evenness index and dominance index of 05 transect were the highest.The diversity index of the 06 transect was the lowest,and the evenness index and dominance index of the 07 transect were the lowest.The G-F index at the level of family and genus was 05 transect>03 transect>02 transect>01 transect>07 transect>06 transect.The community similarity was higher in the transect with similar main habitat types,such as the 02 and 03 transect.The similarity of bird communities between Longchikou transect and other transect was low.(3)Among the different habitats,the number of species and individuals of birds in the breeding period was the largest in the evergreen broad-leaved and deciduous mixed forest.The smallest number of bird species and individuals were recorded in ponds and small reservoirs.The diversity index and evenness index of evergreen broad-leaved and deciduous mixed forest were the highest,the dominant index of evergreen coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest was the highest.The diversity index and dominance index of streams were the lowest,and the evenness index of river and river flat habitats was the lowest.At the level of family and genus,the G-F index of farmland was the highest,while the G-F index of water habitat was significantly lower.The community similarity between the evergreen broad-leaved and deciduous mixed forest and shrub was the highest in different habitats,and the community similarity between the mixed evergreen broad-leaved and deciduous mixed forest and pond and small reservoir was the lowest.(4)During the 10 years of continuous monitoring,the number of bird species and individuals recorded during the breeding period in Hunan Hupingshan National Nature Reserve increased significantly in 2014,and then fluctuated slightly after that.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index of breeding period birds in Hunan Hupingshan National Nature Reserve showed a slight fluctuation after an obvious increase in 2014.Pielou evenness index and Simpson dominance index did not change significantly.From 2014 to 2020,the bird community composition in the breeding period in Hunan Hupingshan National Nature Reserve was similar in adjacent years,and the community similarity decreased with the distance between years,indicating that the overall community structure of birds in the breeding period in Hunan Hupingshan National Nature Reserve was changing slowly.The monitoring results showed that Hunan Hupingshan National Nature Reserve is rich in bird resources during the breeding period.It is an ideal breeding place for forest birds in Hunan Province.The habitat type,elevation span,intensity of human disturbance,distance and monitoring time of the transect affected the species and quantity of birds observed and recorded.The species and number of birds in the breeding period in Hunan Hupingshan National Nature Reserve are on the rise,and the community structure of birds in the breeding period is changing slowly with time.