Transcriptional Dynamics Of Early Brain Development In Rhesus Macaque And Humans

In recent years,with the development of high-throughput sequencing technology,RNA-sequencing has been widely used in the research of brain development.In mammals,the human brain has a larger cerebral cortex than other species.In the process of individual development,the social and cognition abilities of human brain are constantly developing,resulting in the phenotypes of human and other non-human primates which are significantly different.Birth is an important time point in the development of the individual,but the influence of birth on development is not well understood.Previous studies have shown that an cup-shape pattern of regulation at the molecular level was detected during the development of the primate brain.Specifically,a peak of temporally differentially expressed genes around birth time has been observed in the human brain.However,to which extent this regulatory peak occurs has not been studied in detail.Here,by integrating multiple large-scale transcriptome data of early brain development from rhesus macaques and human,the ANOVA analysis of variance was used to analyze the time-varying differential expression of early brain development,and Tukey's test was used to compare the two adjacent time periods,we confirmed that a similar differential expression peak exists during the development of the macaque brain.We also collected transcriptome data from other organs in rhesus macaque and found that a similar peak exists during the development of other organs as well,such as liver,testis,kidney and heart.Furthermore,we found that distinct pathways are regulated in the peak period of those organs.Our results highlight the importance of co-evolution of diverse organs during critical periods of perinatal development in primates.