Background Investigation And Evaluation On Biodiversity Of Lepidoptera Insects In Jurong,Kunshan And Yixing Of Jiangsu Province

The biodiversity decling casued by degradation of natural habitat with the rapid development of economy and society is the big concern around the world.In 2003,Jiansu province organized a provincial survey of biodiversity,including plants,fishes,mammals,amphibians,reptiles and birds except insects.Since 2010,China initiates a national program on biodiversity investigation,including resource and ecosystem background investigation,establishment of national and local species background cataloging database,etc.Lepidoptera,the second largest order in Insecta,not only plays the important role in pollination and assessing environmental quality but also the major pest of agriculture and forest.However,little is known about how many species list and the impact of land use changes on the butterfly in Jiangsu province.Here we aimed to conduct the investigation on Lepidoptera in Kunshan,Jurong and Yixing cities,Jiangsu province from 2018 to 2019 and explore the impact of tea gardern and vegetable garden on butterfly species and functional biodiversity.Our investigation was carried out within the county area based on the 10×10km grid divided uniformly in the country.We apllied sweep net to collect the butterfly and moth in all grids and light trap in natural and artificial forest.In addition,we investigated butterflies in the three land use plots of forest,tea garden and vegetable garden between April and October 2019 in the Baohua mountain,Jurong city.Following the HJ 710.9-2014 technical guidelines for biodiversity observation butterfly.We set three transects with length of 1km and width of 5m for each plot and route investigation once a month.Three functional traits of larval food preference,forewing length and voltinism were selected to study the functional diversity of butterflies.A total of over 100 species of Lepidoptera in Kunshan,Jurong and Yixing were recorded.The fauna is dominated by the oriental species and the palaearctic-oriental species.There are 110 species in 98 genera and 24 families,and 17 species of butterflies and 93 species of moths in Kunshan.And 100 species can be identified lower to the species.There are 193 species in 26 families,165 genera,of which 67 species are butterflies and 126 species are moths.And 185 species can be identified lower to the species.There are 142 species in 129 genera and 23 families of Lepidoptera in Yixing,among which 29 species are butterflies and 113 species are moths.And 136 species can be identified lower to the species.There were 326 species of Lepidoptera in 33 families in three counties,304 species were confirmed to species level,and 92 species were new recorded in Jiangsu province.Twenty-three species were shared by three countries.Forty-five species were both found in Kunshan and Jurong.Thirty-three species were both found in Kunshan and Yixing.Sixty-four species were both found in Jurong and Yixing.In terms of the land use change on butterfly speicies divresity,both richness index and diversity index are forest>tea garden>vegetable garden,evenness index is tea garden>forest>vegetable garden.The dominance indexis vegetable garden>tea garden>forest.It showed that the forest species were the most abundant and the vegetable garden had the dominant species Pier is rapae.In terms of functional diversity,the three land use species were all polyphagous species,medium wing length and more than one year generation are dominant.The number of species of one generation a year in the forest are more than the other.In Fric index,forest>vegetable garden>tea garden.In Fdiv index,vegetable garden>forest>tea garden.In Fdis index,forest>tea garden>vegetable garden.In RaoQ index,forest>tea garden>vegetable garden.In Feve index,vegetable garden>forest>tea garden.It indicates that forest has the most abundant available resources and the competition is moderate.The butterfly species composition and species diversity significantly differed among forest,tea garden and vegetable garden.Moreover,there were significant differences in functional diversity among functional richness index,functional differentiation index and quadratic entropy index.The species richness and diversity of the three land use species were positively correlated with the functional richness.In sum,the butterfly resource forest is the most abundant,the vegetable garden has obvious dominant species,and the tea garden is in between and more similar to the vegetable garden.The results of our study have a positive effect on further understanding of Lepidoptera diversity and land use on butterfly diversity in county areas of Jiangsu province.