Population Status And Habitat Suitability Evaluation Of Sus Scrofa In Hunan Province

In order to understand the status quo of the Sus scrofa population in Hunan Province and formulate scientific and effective management measures,since December 2016,this study used a combination of questionnaire survey method,field survey method and infrared camera technology to investigate the Sus scrofa population in Hunan Province,and used REM,Matlab and MaxEnt comprehensively analyze the current status,activity rhythm and habitat selection of Sus scrofa population in Hunan Province,so as to provide basic data and scientific basis for the management of Sus scrofa population in Hunan Province.1.Analyze the distribution status of Sus scrofa population based on questionnaire survey method and field visit investigation method,and analyze the population density of Sus scrofa population based on infrared camera technology and random encounter model.Research results:(1)The total distribution area of Sus scrofa in Hunan Province is about35,821 Km~2,It occupies 16.88%of the total area of Hunan Province,and is mainly distributed in the mountainous plain of northwestern Hunan,mountainous areas of western Hunan,hilly areas of southern and eastern Hunan;It is estimated that the Sus scrofa density in Hunan Province is0.59±0.23/km~2,and the number is 21,134±8,239.(2)Selecting three sample areas from north to south,the density of Sus scrofa in Mang Mountain in the south is significantly lower than that in Huping Mountain in the north and Xuefeng Mountain in the middle(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the difference between Huping Mountain and Xuefeng Mountain is not significant.(3)The density of Sus scrofa is not significantly different between 2018 and 2019;summer and autumn are significantly higher than spring(P<0.05),and the difference between other seasons is not significant.(4)During the autumn harvest period,the density of Sus scrofa in forest margins is significantly higher than in farmland in forest areas and residential areas(P<0.05).(5)The density of Sus scrofa above1000m is higher than that below 1000m(P<0.05),and the density above1000m increased with the elevation.(6)The density of Sus scrofa is the highest among deciduous broad-leaved forests,and is significantly higher than evergreen,deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest and evergreen broad-leaved forest(P<0.05).The density of Sus scrofa under other vegetation types has no significant difference.2.Based on infrared camera technology and Matlab nuclear density estimation method,the daily activity rhythm of Sus scrofa in sample areas of Hunan Province is studied.Research results:(1)The relative activity intensity at night of the six sample areas in Hunan Province are all less than 13/24,the performance is diurnal.The daily activity rhythm curve of Sus scrofa is bimodal in Nanshan sample area and unimodal in other sample areas.The monitoring range of the Yaogushan sample area is the forest edge area,and Sus scrofa choose to concentrate high-intensity activities in the morning,which may be related to temperature and human interference.(2)Sus scrofa in Hunan have concentrated high-intensity activities for a short period of time in winter,and the activity time is more evenly distributed in autumn,and the activity intensity is low;In central and northern Hunan,the seasonal difference in the daily activity rhythm of Sus scrofa is not significant,while in southern Hunan,the daily activity rhythm of Sus scrofa is significantly different in spring and autumn(P<0.05).(3)There is no significant difference in the daily activity rhythm of Sus scrofa in Hunan Province between 2018 and 2019.(4)Co-locating ungulates and human disturbance have an impact on the daily activity rhythm of Sus scrofa.The time niche differentiation between Sus scrofa and co-locating ungulates has occurred.Extremely high and low human activity intensities have great disturbance to Sus scrofa.3.Based on infrared camera technology and MaxEnt model,prediction and evaluation of Sus scrofa suitable areas in Hunan Province.Research results:(1)The ROC curve shows that the prediction accuracy of the model is high and the AUC value is 0.947.(2)The results from jackknife method indicated that altitude and Max temperature of warmest month are the most important environmental factors for the habitat selection of Sus scrofa,and the sum of the relative contribution rates is75.5%.(3)The response curves of environmental variables show that the fitness probability of Sus scrofa is positively correlated with the altitude,precipitation of warmest quarter,precipitation of driest month,and precipitation of wettest month,and negatively correlated with max temperature of warmest month,the difference between day and night temperature and the distance from water source.(4)Sus scrofa have a large area of suitable areas under the current climate model,the suitable area of high suitable area is 10,664.76 km~2,and the suitable area of middle suitable area is 23,596.30 km~2,accounting for 16.18%of the total area of Hunan Province,which is mainly distributed in the mountainous and hilly areas in the northwest,west,south,east and central parts of Hunan Province;but under the future climate model,the suitable area of Sus scrofa will be smaller,and will be 6,366.662 km~2from 2061 to2080.(5)The analysis of centroid shifts in different periods shows that in the future,compared with the present,the suitable area for Sus scrofa will shrink to a large extent.