The Design And Security Analysis Of Quantum Identity Authentication Scheme Based On Single Photon

Quantum identity authentication can ensure the identity of the participant in quantum communication.Compared with classical identity authentication schemes,quantum identity authentication security is guaranteed by quantum mechanical properties such as quantum immeasurability principle and non-cloning theorem,so it has higher security.The quantum identity authentication scheme based on entanglement state is faced with difficulties in preparation,storage and maintenance of entanglement properties.Single photon has the characteristics of easily preparation,stable performance and simple implementation.In this paper,we proposed an efficient quantum identity authentication,a measurement device independent quantum identity authentication and a multi-party quantum identity authentication immune to collective noise based on single photons.The specific research contents are as follows:(1)In quantum identity authentication schemes based on discrete variables,entanglement particles are usually used as the information carrier.The decoherence of entanglement states limits the distribution process and storage time,but single photon is not limited.Therefore,we designed an efficient quantum identity authentication scheme based on single photon.In communication,a single photon can verify 4-bit classical identity key,which has significant advantages efficiency and resource saving.The implementation process of the scheme is simulated on IBM quantum computing platform,and the feasibility and correctness of the scheme are proved.In terms of security,the simulation of the attack process in IBM quantum platform describes the security detection mechanism.The data analysis show that the attacker will be detected in impersonation attack,interception attack and entanglement measurement attack when the length of photons is 10.(2)In this paper,to overcome the channel attacks of the detector side a measurement-device-independent,the quantum identity authentication scheme is proposed based on single photon.There are two sections in our scheme: stages of registration and identity authentication.Participants and verifiers prepare single photons based on the identity key shared in the stages of registration and send them to a third party who perform a bell state measurement.The identity authentication process can be completed according to the measurement results.There is no need for additional security detection in the whole process.The measurement of attacker will lead to the change of the initial state,this behavior will influence measurement results.The possibility of attacker is detected is 99% in impersonation attack and intercept resend attack and 94.3% in entanglement measurement attack when the length of key is 10.(3)Many quantum identity authentication schemes can only be implemented in an ideal channel,but the real communication will be affected.On the other hand,all the existing multiparty quantum identity authentication schemes are implemented using entangled particles.In this paper,the multiparty quantum identity authentication schemes were proposed respectively in the ideal channel,collective dephasing noise and collective rotation noise based on single photons.The authentication process of 5 qubits and 3 participants in an ideal channel is simulated on the IBM quantum computing platform,and the security of the scheme against impersonation attack is simulated and analyzed.Data analysis shows that the schemes can resist impersonation attack and eavesdropping attack under three channels.