Research On The Application Of Gravitational Wave Information In Cosmology

Since the gravitational wave GW150914 was first detected on September 14,2015,the gravitational wave detection has made rapid progress.Subsequently,the joint detection of the gravitational wave event（GW170817）and its electromagnetic counterpart（GRB 170817A）produced by the merging of two neutron stars opened a new era in the study of multi-messenger cosmology.The luminosity distance of the gravitational wave source can be directly detected from the gravitational wave information,and the redshift of the gravitational wave source can be obtained from its electromagnetic counterpart.In this way,the relationship between luminosity distance and redshift can be determined from gravitational wave observation,which can be used to limit the parameters in the cosmological model and determine the range of some parameters.Compared with electromagnetic wave information,the luminosity distance of gravitational wave is not affected by the conservation of photon number.Based on this advantage,this paper uses simulated gravitational wave data to compare with other astronomical observation data to verify the duality of cosmic distance and detect cosmic opacity,so as to study the ability of future gravitational wave observation to verify the duality of cosmic distance and detect the limitation of cosmic opacity.First of all,this paper discusses the potential of the third generation ground-based gravitational wave Einstein telescope（ET）gravitational wave（GW）standard whistle observation to test the duality of cosmic distance.The angular diameter distance is given by astronomical observation data such as galaxy cluster samples and baryon acoustic oscillations,and the luminosity distance is given by simulated ET gravitational wave observation data.In order to obtain the same pair of angular diameter distance and luminosity distance with the same redshift,we use the union method to process the simulated gravitational wave data.The basic advantage of using gravitational wave data instead of type Ia supernova（SNIa）data is that the luminosity distance of gravitational wave is insensitive to the non-conservation of photon number.Then,the identity of the dual relation of cosmic distance is parameterized,and the parameters in the dual relation of cosmic distance are constrained by chi-square statistics.The results show that the observation of gravitational wave events in the future will be a powerful tool to test the duality of cosmic distance.Then,since the luminosity distance of SNIa is related to opacity,while the luminosity distance of gravitational waves is independent of opacity,we compare SNIa data with simulated gravitational wave data to explore the potential of gravitational waves to detect cosmic opacity in the future.The gravitational wave data and SNIa data come from the future Einstein telescope gravitational wave observation,Joint Light Analysis（JLA）and Pantheon and other current SNIa astronomical observation data.In this paper,the Gaussian process is used to reconstruct the luminosity distance continuous function from the simulated gravitational wave data by using nonparametric and cosmological model-independent smoothing techniques.The advantage of this method is that it solves the problem that the number distribution of supernova data points in some redshift ranges is different from that of gravitational wave data points,and all available data can be used to detect cosmic opacity.Then,chi-square statistics are used to limit the parameters in optical depth.The results show that for JLA and Pantheon data,the error rods for cosmic opacity constraints can be reduced to 0.011 and 0.006 respectively under credibility.Therefore,future measurements of gravitational waves may provide stronger restrictions on the opacity of the universe.We propose to use the Gaussian process to process the gravitational wave and SNIa data respectively to obtain the luminosity distance function which is continuous with the redshift,and then compare the luminosity distance at any redshift to study the uniformity of cosmic opacity.Conclusion the future gravitational wave measurements provide an opportunity for us to study the spatial uniformity of cosmic opacity,and it can also be used as an important tool to verify cosmic opacity.Finally,the future observation of SNIa standard candles and the ability of future gravitational wave standard siren to limit the opacity of the universe are studied.Here,the future SNIa data come from the future observation data of the wide area Infrared Survey Telescope（WFIRST）,and the gravitational wave data come from the future observation data of ET and（DECIGO）of the partial Hertz Interferometer gravitational Wave Observatory.Then,the luminosity distance of the simulated gravitational wave data with the same redshift and the luminosity distance of the simulated SNIa data are obtained by the union method.Compared with the current observation data,the distribution of the future SNIa observation data is obviously improved,and the error bar is smaller,so there are more gravitational wave data can be used to test the cosmic opacity when using the merging method.In addition,we compare the cosmic opacity constraint values of future astronomical observations with the current intergalactic opacity values continuously observed by quasars.The results show that future gravitational waves and SNIa observations can be used to identify the cosmic opacity of interstellar dust.