Interface Modification Of Carbon Nanomaterials And Their Application In Phototherapy

Chapter 1:The properties,functional methods and applications in the area of biomedicine of carbon nanomaterials,as well as the research progress of phototherapy(including photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy)are summarized in this chapter,respectively.Moreover,the significance and research mentality of this article is put forward as well.Chapter 2:In this work,we present a new and facile one-step method for the fabrication of a water-soluble graphene-phthalocyanine(GR-Pc)hybrid material by simply sonicating GR with a hydrophilic Pc,tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt copper phthalocyanine(TSCuPc).In the resultant hybrid material,TSCuPc is coated on the skeleton of pristine GR via non-covalently?-? interaction,detailedly characterized by UV-vis/Raman spectra,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),etc.The obtained GR-Pc hybrid(GR-TSCuPc)is applied for photothermal therapy(PTT)and photodynamic therapy(PDT).In this PTT/PDT system,both GR and TSCuPc operate as multifunctional agents:GR acts as a photosensitizer carrier and PTT agent,while TSCuPc acts as a hydrophilic PDT agent.Furthermore,the results of cell viability show that the phototherapy effect of GR-TSCuPc is observably higher than that of free TSCuPc,indicating that combined noninvasive PTT/PDT exhibits better anti-cancer efficacy in vitro.Such results highlight that this work provide a facile method to develop efficacious dual-modality carbon nanoplatform for developing cancer therapeutics.Chapter 3:The biomedical applications of carbon nanomaterials,especially integrating noninvasive PTT and PDT,into a single system have enormous potential in cancer therapy.Herein,we present a novel and facile one-step method for the preparation of water-soluble single-walled carbon nanohoms(SWNHs)and metal phthalocyanines(MPc)hybrid for PTT and PDT.The hydrophilic MPc,tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt copper phthalocyanine(TSCuPc),is coated on the surface of SWNHs via noncovalent ?-? interaction using the sonication method.In this PTT/PDT nanosystem,SWNHs acts as a photosensitizer carrier and PTT agent,while TSCuPc acts as a hydrophilic and PDT agent.The EPR results demonstrated that the generated reactive oxygen species(ROS)not only from the photoinduced electron transfer process from TSCuPc to SWNHs but also from SWNHs without exciting TSCuPc to its excited state.The test of photothermal conversion proved that not only do SWNHs contribute to the photothermal therapy(PTT)effect,TSCuPc probably also contributes to that when it coats on the surface of SWNHs upon exposure to a 650-nm laser.More importantly,the results of in vitro cell viability revealed a significantly enhanced anticancer efficacy of combined noninvasive PTT/PDT,indicating that the SWNHs-TSCuPc nanohybrid is a hopeful candidate material for developing an efficient and biocompatible nanoplatform for biomedical application.Chapter 4:In this work,we prepare hyaluronic acid modified Chlorin e6 loaded Single-walled carbon nanohorn(SWNHs/Ce6-HA)for targeting treatment of B16 melanoma.The hyaluronic acid modified Ce6 is coated on the surface of SWNHs via noncovalent ?-? interaction using the sonication method.In this nanosystem,SWNHs acts as a photosensitizer carrier and PTT agent,Ce6 acts as PDT agent,while HA acts as a hydrophilic and targeting agent.Fluorescence spectra demonstrate that Ce6 release from the surface of SWNHs in the presence of hyaluronidase,resulting in the recovery of fluorescence and ability to generate singlet oxygen.The test of in vivo photothermal conversion proved that SWNHs/Ce6-HA and SWNHs/HA effectively accumulate in tumor,and the temperature increased significantly upon 650 nm laser irradiation.The results of in vitro and in vivo phototherapy reveal that the efficiency of targeted PTT/PDT treatment of B16 melanoma using SWNHs/Ce6-HA is significant.