| The study optimized the process of carotenoid production by Rhodotorula-fermented corn powder,and compared the effects of different dosage of Rhodotorula-fermented corn powder(RFCP),Neurospora sitophila-fermented vinegar residues(NFVR),Apo-ester(APO)and Canthaxanthin(CXN)on the performance,egg quality and physiological function of laying hens.1.Mixture-Design was selected to designed and optimized the formula of corn powder medium for Rhodotorula fermented.Then,on the basis of single factor experiment,Box-Behnken test and response surface analysis were used to optimize the fermented conditions of corn powder fermented by Rhodotorula.The results showed that the optimization of the process for carotenoid production from corn powder fermented by Rhodotorula was as follows: medium dry weight corn powder 50%,wheat bran 20%,soybean meal 20%,bean curd residue 10%,water content 60.3%,Rhodotorula seed liquid concentration1.0×1010 CFU/L,inoculum 7.8% fermentation at 29? for 73 hours,carotenoid production reached4.20mg/kg.2.The changes of nutritional components of corn powder medium before and after fermented by Rhodotorula were determined and analyzed.The results showed that crude protein,crude ash,crude fiber and neutral detergent fiber significantly increased by 8.34%,57.05%,12.60% and 15.29%,respectively(P<0.05),while the crude fat and adsorption water significantly decreased by 50.15% and 6.24%,respectively(P<0.05),but the acid detergent fiber has no significant difference after fermented(P>0.05).3.According to the principle of similar body condition,825 Jinghong No.1 laying hens of similar physical condition were randomly divided into 11 groups,75 in each group,with 5 replications in each group(n=15).The control group(basal diet),APO group(basal diet+80 mg APO/kg),CXN group(basal diet+8 mg CXN/kg),RFCP control group(80% basal diet+20% unfermented corn powder(UCP)),5%RFCP group(80% basal diet+15%UCP+10% RFCP),10% RFCP group(80% basal diet+10%UCP+10%RFCP),20% RFCP group(80% basal diet+20% RFCP),NFVR control group(80% basal diet+20%unfermented vinegar residues(UVR)),5% NFVR group(80% basal diet+15%UVR+5% NFVR),10%NFVR group(80% basal diet+10%UVR+10% NFVR),20% NFVR group(80% basal diet+20% NFVR),the pre-trial period 7 days,positive trial period 28 days.The results showed that:(1)Compared with the control group,the addition of 10% RFCP and 20% RFCP could significantly increase the average egg weight(P<0.05),and 20% NFVR and JP could increase the weekly laying rate of laying hens(P<0.05),RFCP and NFVR could significantly reduce the feed-egg ratio(P<0.05).(2)Compared with the control group,APO,CXN,20% RFCP and 20% NFVR could significantly increase the content of carotenoids and RCF of yolk(P<0.05),APO,CXN,RFCP and NFVR had no significant effect on eggshell strength,eggshell color,Haugh unit and yolk cholesterol content(P>0.05).(3)Compared with the control group,APO increased the content of serum creatinine(P<0.05),CXN increased the activity of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase(P<0.05),but both had no significant effects on serum urea nitrogen,glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase,superoxide dismutase,malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capacity(P>0.05).RFCP and NFVR had no significant effect on serum creatinine,urea nitrogen,glutamic pyruvic transaminase,glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase,superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde(P>0.05),The total antioxidant capacity of 20% RFCP and 20% NFVR increased significantly(P<0.05).The above results show that the adding APO and CXN can significantly improve the yolk color and improve the commercial properties of eggs,while APO will cause some damage to the chicken kidney function,and CXN will cause some damage to the chicken liver function.Feeding RFCP and NFVR could improve the performance,egg quality and antioxidant function of laying hens,and had no adverse effect on liver and kidney function.This study would provide data reference for the research and development of carotenoid functional eggs by RFCP and NFVR. |
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