Analysis And Research On Phytoliths Of Several Typical Xuan Paper

As one of the Four Treasures of Study,Xuan paper has won the high reputation of“King of Paper” and "Paper Life for a Thousand Years” due to its excellent texture,wide applicability of painting and calligraphy,and unique display of the artistic characteristics of Chinese culture.Besides,its excellent writing experience,prominent paper performance and exquisite craftsmanship have laid a solid foundation for it to become a business card of the Chinese nation.On May 20,2006,Xuan paper making skills were approved by the State Council of the People's Republic of China to be included in the first batch National Intangible Cultural Heritage List.However,Xuan paper market is confusingly named currently,and there are no detailed rules and standards.Some businesses sell inferior products as good ones,especially in terms of the raw material content of Xuan paper.Consumers have no effective way to determine whether Xuan paper purchased can meet their own needs or not.Some merchants even name their products at will,even imitating,popularizing,or even selling paper that is not Xuan paper as Xuan paper,which has seriously disrupted consumers' judgments on Xuan paper.This research aims to to provide new experimental evidence and research perspective for the analysis of Xuan paper production materials and technology through the analysis of the physical properties of Xuan paper and the observation and analysis of silicon implant.In this study,the paper identification was studied from three aspects.Part 1: The physical properties of Xuan paper samples were studied.Eight paper samples were studied from nine dimensions: paper basis weight,thickness,tightness,tensile strength,breaking length,folding resistance,whiteness.By summarizing the rules,and trying to reversely verify the paper manufacturing process,it can be concluded that: 1.The paper samples made of three antique methods,namely Antique mature Xuan paper,antique bark Xuan paper,and Quanshui Xuan paper with extra-high bark content,had uneven fiber widths and large spans,which were presumed to be artificial pulping,not mechanical pulping;2.The Xuan paper cotton material had superior physical properties,and it was suspected that the raw material ratio was not 40% of the sandalwood bark mentioned by the merchant;3.The fiber width distribution of the Xuan paper with extra-high bark content was more concentrated.Part 2: The analysis of Xuan paper fiber.The samples were studied from two aspects of fiber width and fiber dyeing.The results showed that: 1.The fiber width distribution of Xuan paper with extra-high bark content was more concentrated 2.The staining results of TJ-4fibers were different from those of the other 7 kinds of paper samples,and it was speculated that TJ-4 fibers were skin fibers.Part 3:8 paper samples and 4 papermaking raw materials were observed and processed,the types and quantity ratios of phytoliths in the paper samples were counted.By comparing the results of the two methods,judging whether the raw materials were phytolith and rice straw in Shatin,trying to summarize the rules among Xuan paper with cotton material content,Xuan paper with high bark content and Xuan paper with extra-high bark content,the following conclusions were obtained: 1.The phytoliths in the paper-making raw material samples of Xuan paper were composed of: smooth rod type,barbed rod type phytolith,pointed type phytolith,bird's beak type phytolith,fan-shaped phytolith,dumbbell-shaped phytolith,tooth type,multi-bell type;phytoliths in paper samples were: smooth rod type,barbed rod type,pointed type,bird's beak type,curved edge plate type,block type phytolith,polygonal hat type,fan-shaped type,tooth type,dumbbell type,spherical type,duct type,multi-bell type;2.Lime water bleaching had no obvious effect on paper phytolith;The ratio of bird's beak to fan-shaped phytoliths from Shatian straw in sample 3,1 No.ML-1 was obviously different from the ratio of bird's beak to fan-shaped phytoliths in sample ML-2 No.7 from another cotton material;there were no fan-shaped phytoliths and dumbbell-shaped phytoliths in sample 4,8 No.TJ-4,and the characteristic phytoliths of moraceae plants-spherical phytoliths was appeared,and its content occupied a certain proportion,which was speculated that there is no Shatian rice straw in the raw material,and the raw material for papermaking is mulberry.It can be drawn from conclusions of two parts: 1.The fiber width distribution of Xuan paper with extra-high bark content was more concentrated;2.The Xuan paper should contain at least smooth rod type phytolith,barbed rod type phytolith,pointed phytolith,and bird's beak type phytolith,fan-shaped phytolith,dumbbell-type phytolith;3.Phytoliths that shall not be in the paper-making raw materials were found in the paper samples.It is inferred that it may come from paper medicine or other additives,or due to the phytolith being deformed during the process of pulping,etc.,making it difficult to identify;the raw material content of No.4,1 sample ML-1 did not match the content marked by the merchant,it should not be cotton;the paper type of No.5,8sample TJ-4 did not match the type marked by the merchant,it should not be Xuan paper.