Pectin Oligosaccharides Modulates Gut Microbiota,improve Obesity And Inflammation In Mice

Obesity,it can cause many diseases and complications,such as heart disease,diabetes,non-alcoholic fatty liver(NAFLD),hypertension,etc.Recent report from the World Health Organization shows that more than 1.9 billion adults were overweight and over 650 million of the population worldwide were suffering from obesity in 2016.Moreover,obesity-related diseases,which once were considered confined to occur in adults in the past,it has also prevalent in childhood obesity.The epidemic of obesity,with its high mortality and morbidity lead to a great threaten to public health.At present,the main treatment methods for obesity include lifestyle changes,drug therapy and bariatric surgery.But the effect of lifestyle changes is short-lived and unsatisfactory.The safety of drug intervention is questioned,bariatric surgery is associated with higher risk and many problematic prognosis.it is extremely urgent to explore a new way to treat or prevent obesity.In recent years,there are a large number of reports supposed that gut microbiota is closely related to obesity,therefore,gut microbiota has provided a novel idea for obesity.As a dietary supplement,functional oligosaccharides attracted great interest because of its beneficial potential to rebuild gut microbiota and against obesity.In this study,we chose Pectin oligosaccharides(POS),which obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis polygalacturonic acid,as the research object,to explore its effects on obesity and its accompanying inflammation,as well as the modulation of gut microbiota.The main research contents and results are as following:1.A mixture of POS was obtained under enzymatic hydrolysis condition using polygalacuronic acid as the substrate.Using thin layer chromatography(TLC)and high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection(HPAEC-PAD)to analyze the composition of the mixture of pectin oligosaccharides,found that the optimum reaction condition was 1100 U/mg pectinase at 40? for 50 min.2.A total of 24 male C57BL/6J mice(Four-week-old)were selected as experimental animals and randomly divided into four group: ND,HFD,HP0,HP12.The experimental period is 24 weeks,and weight body weight once a week.Supplementation POS has a better effect on anti-obesity in early life.In addition,POS can reduce serum total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)levels in serum,ameliorate liver lipid accumulation,decrease the size of epididymal fat cells and improve insulin sensitivity.3.The effects of POS on inflammation in mice were detected by real-time PCR and ELISA,it is found that POS had a different inhibition effect on the levels of IL-6,TNF-?,and IL-1? in the serum.POS can alleviate liver inflammation,significantly reduce aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)levels in serum,increase the integrity of the gut barrier and decrease the genes expression levels of inflammatory in the colon.4.It is found that the POS supplementation can regulate the m RNA expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in the liver and epididymal adipose tissue by real-time PCR.5.The supplementation of POS can improve the gut microbiota disorder in mice induced by high-fat diet and increase the level of Short chain fatty acids(SCFAs),and it is found that the changes of gut microbiota closely related to the changes of SCFAs,inflammatory factors,blood lipids,liver function and metabolic pathways.