Preparation And Electrochemical Performance Research Of Melamine-based Flexible And Compressible Supercapacitor

The electrode materials of conventional supercapacitors are mainly in form of powder and film.They need to add additional conductive agent and binder to coat on conductive substrate when they are used.The active material payload is not high.It is a problem to be solved urgently that how to modularize the supercapacitor with both the overall conductivity of the electrode and the high mass loading and the large volume application.At the same time,the development of flexible electronic devices have put forward new requirements for the power supply center,which requires the power supply center to be flexible,capable of bending and compression,and to maintain stable electrochemical performance in bending and compression state,which is another problem to be solved.It is a great challenge to solve these two problems simultaneously and develop supercapacitors with high volume capacitance,modularized,flexible,compressible and electrochemical stable.In this paper,using melamine foam with excellent mechanical properties as flexible substrate,chemical plating nano silver,pyrrole as the sacrifice template,protects the silver layer,in-situ chemical polymerization of p-toluene sulfonic acid ion doped high conductivity of polypyrrole,prepare melamine foam/nano silver/polypyrrole composites.Researching on energy storage mechanism of the composite,precisely controlling the material microstructure and electrochemical properties.The function component effect of composite was investigated.The effects of the types of oxidants on the microstructure and electrochemical properties of the composites were studied.Using ferric chloride as oxidant,the effect of preparation technology on the properties of the composite material was investigated.The monomer concentration was 0.125 mol L^-1,the monomer concentration,oxidant concentration and dopant concentration were 1:3:1.25 to prepare the composite material with the best performance.The composite material has a high volume specific capacitance up to 60 F cm^-3.Benefit from the unique energy storage mechanism of the material,the silver layer acts as both current collector and an active material.Under the current density of 10 A g^-1,the mass specific capacity of the material is still up to 355 F g^-1.The melamine foam and silver layer have well withstood the volume expansion and contraction caused by the polypyrrole during the charge-discharge cycles.After 10000 cycles,the capacitance remains as high as 86%.Under bending and compression conditions,the material capacity hardly changes,which shows excellent mechanical property and electrochemical stability.By selecting a suitable flexible substrate,elaborately designing the electrode structure,and precisely controlling the micro-morphology and electrochemical performance,this paper introduces a composite material with free-standing,integration,high mechanical flexibility and excellent electrochemical stability,which provided the idea for the design of integrated flexible devices.