Coal Trade Problems Between Mongolia And China

In the world,there are few major coal exporters,such as Australia and Indonesia,the United States and Russia.On the other hand,the main coal consumers are Japan,Europe,the United States,South Korea,and China,which use coal for energy and steel production.International coal trade includes two markets: thermal coal and coking coal.Thermal coal is mainly used for power generation,steam and thermal energy production.On the contrary,coking coal is one of the raw materials for the production of steel.Coal is the second largest power generation source in the world after oil and other liquids.In 2016,China's three largest consumers and producers of coal were China,the United States and India,which accounted for more than 70% of the world's total production and consumption.As announced at the 74 th meeting of the OECD Steel Committee,the largest exporters of coking coal are Australia,Mongolia,Colombia and Mozambique.Mongolia ranks 15 th among major coal producers and exports coal to China.Currently,there are 2264 companies with 3784 mining licenses.Against this background,the economic and trade relations between Mongolia and China are also getting closer.The two countries have combined well in coal trade.Mongolia also very much hopes to achieve sustainable development of coal trade with China.As the pillar industry of Mongolia,the coal industry has made a great contribution to the national economy,and the stable and sustainable development depends only on the trade of mineral products.Mongolia 's coal and other natural resources are very rich,but its population is very small,resulting in low domestic demand for coal resources.More than half of the coal mined each year is exported and sold around the world.Coal is Mongolia's second largest export commodity,and the economy's dependence on coal has grown rapidly since 2011.At this stage,the main market for Mongolian coal is the Chinese market.The research object of this article is the coal trade between Mongolia and China.Through relevant research on this topic,how to further increase the coal trade between the two countries and strengthen the trade relationship between the two countries can provide reference and reference.This article starts from the research status of the country and China,based on the concepts of international and coal trade,as well as trade-related theoretical foundations,and analyzes the development stage and characteristics of coal trade between the two countries.Mongolia 's proven coal reserves have reached with 28.5 billion tons,Mongolia 's total coal exports to China in 2019 were 37.259 million tons,accounting for more than 94%,and the coal trade between Mongolia and China developed rapidly.At the same time,this study also found that the Mongolian-Chinese coal trade still has problems.For example,the biggest bottleneck in the trade is the transportation efficiency of Mongolia and the transit efficiency caused by the backward port infrastructure,followed by the relevant policies issued by the two countries and the trade environment have affected the coal trade development,etc.On this basis,collect and read a large number of domestic and foreign literature and materials related to Mongolia-China trade and the performance and characteristics of Mongolia-China coal trade.The performance here is mainly summarized.The current status of the Mongolian-Chinese coal trade and its existing problems.Through the SWOT model,the coal trade of Mongolia exported to China is analyzed,and then the contents of each part are summarized.Finally,it put forward countermeasures and suggestions to promote the development of Mongolian-Chinese coal trade;how to expand trade scale;improve trade structure;improve logistics system;optimize trade settlement mechanism,improve laws and regulations;Scale,promote the construction of the Mongolia-China border free trade zone,etc.