Research On The Measurement Of Green Trade Benefit From The Perspective Of Trade In Value-added

Trade benefit is the starting point for a country's countries to participate in international division of labor and conduct international trade.Under the background of global value chains,the new international division of labor system has gradually lengthened the production chain and the trade of intermediate goods has become more and more frequent.How to truly measure the foreign trade benefit of a country has always been the focus of all countries.At the same time,in the context of global warming,as the transnational separation of production and consumption becomes more and more common,the embodied carbon emissions caused by trade will flow to other countries and regions through the cross-border transfer of international trade,and there will be “CarbonLeakage”phenomenon.This is unfair to many developing countries,especially for middle-income countries such as the “the Belt and RoadInitiatives”.While still in the middle and downstream of the global value chain,they also paya large of environmental costs caused by International trade.However,for a long time,the measurement of trade benefit has not included the cost of trade environment and it cannot truly reflect the trade benefit of a country.It is easy to cause international trade friction and is not conducive to sustainable development.Therefore,under the concept of sustainable development,we cannot ignore the environmental costs caused by trade.We need to incorporate the environmental costs incurred by trade into the measurement of trade benefit,and truly reflect the level of foreign trade interests of a country by constructing green trade benefit indicators.The researches on the measurement of green trade benefit under sustainable development mainly focuse on the measurement of environmental cost,internalization of environmental cost and the construction of green Input-Output Table.Although these three aspects of research have carried out a large number of theoretical and empirical researches on the measurement methods of green trade benefit and laid the foundation for the future study of the measurement of green trade benefit.However,most of the studies only measured the environmental cost of trade,and rarely incorporate environmental costs into the accounting framework of trade benefits.At the same time,it is constructed a green Input-Output Table based on the domestic Input-Output Tablein a pioneering manner.The Green Input-Output Tablehas made a useful attempt to expand the measurement method of green trade interests,but it can only be studied from a country's unilateral trade,and it cannot measure the green trade benefitfrom the bilateral trade level.What's more,a very small number of scholars consider the net trade of embodied carbon transfer as the cost of trade environment,introduce the price of carbon emission rights,and try to cost the trade environment to measure the benefits of green trade.This is undoubtedly a measure to expand the measurement of green tradebenefits.However,this measure is based on traditional customs(trade)statistics and does not reflect real trade benefits under the bakcground of global value chains.Therefore,this paper will adopt the perspective of new international trade statistics in the context of global value chains-tradein Value-added perspective,based on the accounting ideas of green GDP,and construct a green trade benefit measurement model from the perspective of trade in Value-added to reflect a country's trade benefitin a true and comprehensive way,which are biased towards correcting the green trade interests of traditional trade statistics,provide persuasive data support for developing countries,especially low-and middle-income countries such as the “Belt and Road Initiativs”,in international trade dispute negotiations and global climate governance negotiations.First of all,based on the definition of trade benefits,this paper incorporates environmental cost factors into trade benefit and defines the concept of green trade benefit.Trade benefit is not only refer to the factor income obtained by a country(region)through participation in the international division of labor,but more importantly,to promote the improvement of human welfare level through foreign trade.Therefore,under the concept of sustainable development,this paper defines green trade benefits asthe level of real trade benefit obtained after internalizing the trade environment costs,focusing on improving the living environment of human beings and promoting the sustainable development of trade and environment.Secondly,the relevant theories and measurement methods of green trade benefit are sorted out.In theory,it sorts out the sources and distribution of trade benefit,the relationship between trade benefit and the environmental internalization theory of trade environment costs,the carbon footprint and emission reduction policies,and theInput-Output theory and lays a theoretical foundation for the measurement of green trade benefit..In the measurement method,the different trade in Value-added accounting methods,measurement method of the embodied carbon emissionsunder the tradein Value-added perspective and the green trade benefit measurement methods are compared,.Then,based on the tradein Value-added perspective,an accounting framework unified under the “tradein Value-adde statistics method” was constructed.In the context of the global value chainS,the trade of intermediate goods is more and more frequent,the composition of product value is more complicated,and the source is more diversified.This is the difficulty of measuring based on traditional trade statistics methods.Therefore,this paper adopts the gross trade accounting method to decompose the total import and export of a country into 16 value-added parts to trace the source and destination of a country's trade goods.At the same time,based on the tradein value-added accounting framework,an embodied carbon model of tradein value-added is constructed.Finally,carbon emissions trading price is introduced to construct a green trade benefit model from the perspective of value-added,and the tradein value-added,trade embodied carbon emissions and green trade benefit are unified under the accounting framework of “trade invalue-added statistics method” to reflect The country's green trade benefit.In order to fully reflect the level of foreign trade benefit of a country,it not only constructs a measurement model of unilateral trade of a country,but also constructs a measurement model of bilateral trade.Furthermore,based on the constructed green trade benefit measurement model,China's unilateral trade and China-US bilateral trade are taken as examples to measure China's green trade benefit.Based on the green trade benefit model,China's unilateral trade and China's tradein value-added under the bilateral trade with China and the United States,and the embodied carbon emissions and transfer of tradein value-added are measured in order from the overall level,industry and country(region).Based on the above measures and analysis,the following main conclusions are drawn:First,compared with the calculation results of the traditional gross value trade statistics method,it is more accurate and reasonable to examine the level of foreign trade benefit of a country with trade in value-added as a new international trade statistics perspective.Second,underbackground of the global value chains,the gross trade accounting method is adopted and introduced into the measurement model of trade embodied carbon emissions.On this basis,measuring the green trade benefits can not only fully reflect thesource and flow of implied carbon emissions,it also overcomes the limitations of the value added of intermediate products and the green trade benefits of intermediate products.Third,it is more realistic to includethe trade environment cost in the measurement framework of trade benefit to examine the profitability of a country's foreign trade.Fourth,from the perspective of China's unilateral trade,China is in the middle and lower positon of the global value chains,and the degree of participation in the global value chain is deepening.China has always been a trade-bound carbon country in foreign trade,but the trade environment cost index is declining and the net value of green value added trade is in a surplus.Fifth,from the perspective of China-US bilateral trade,China is in the middle and lower position of the global value chains,while the United States is in the upper position.Under the bilateral trade between China and the United States,China has always been in the flow out position of trade embodied carbon,but the trade environment cost index has been declining,and the net value of green trade invalue-added has been increasing.Finally,the following suggestions are proposed:First,a new trade statistics method with a trade inadded-value should be established to comprehensively examine a country's foreign trade value,trade implied carbon and green trade benefit in the context of global value chains.Second,correctly understand the trade benefits acquired by foreign trade and the environmental costs caused by trade,and actively construct a green trade benefit index system that reflects the combination of trade interests and environmental costs,and truly measure the level of foreign trade interests of a country.Third,actively transform China's foreign trade development model based on importing intermediate products and processing export final products,and increase the proportion of foreign trade industries such as knowledge-intensive manufacturing industries with high added value and low carbon emissions,and maintain labor-intensive The international competitiveness of the manufacturing industry essentially enhances the ability to obtain foreign trade benefits.Fourth,vigorously improve the degree of low carbonization of the trade structure,introduce a large number of low-carbon technologies and use clean energy to achieve China's carbon emission reduction targets.Fifth,develop different trade and environmental policies based on the level of green trade benefit of China and different trading partner countries(regions).