| Camellia oil is one of the characteristic oils in China.It is rich in unsaturated fatty acids,as well as many kinds of physiological active substances such as tea polyphenols,tea saponins and squalene,which have high nutritional value.At the same time,camellia oil in beauty,skin care,hair,hair care and other aspects of good efficacy.At present,camellia oil as a basic oil has been widely used in cream,body milk,hand soap,shampoo and other daily chemicals,its application potential in the field of daily chemicals.However,because camellia oil and water cannot dissolve each other,this leads to the application of camellia oil only in cream cosmetics and not in water-based cosmetics,to some extent extremely large restrict the development of camellia oil in the daily chemical industry.In order to solve the above problems,this paper prepared water-soluble camellia oil by hydrolysis-esterification grafting two-step method,and expanded the application market of camellia oil in water-based cosmetics.It not only found a new way to popularize camellia oil,but also enriched the types of vegetable oils used in cosmetics.The main research results are as follows:Determination of fatty acid composition,squalene,α-tocopherol and β-sitosterol of refined oil,crude camellia oil,deodorized distillate of camellia oil and winterized residue of camellia oil based on gas chromatography,high performance liquid chromatography,gas chromatography-mass spectrometer.The results showed that the fatty acids of refined oil,crude camellia oil,and winterization residues of camellia oil were composed of six identical fatty acids: palmitic acid,stearic acid,oleic acid,linoleic acid,linolenic acid,and arachidonic acid.The difference in the relative content of fatty acids is not very large,both are the highest in oleic acid and the least in arachidonic acid;however,when analyzing the fatty acid composition and content of the deodorized distillate of camellia oil,it was found that the deodorized distillate except for the above six fatty acid compositions in addition,arachidic acid and behenic acid were detected.At the same time,when the trace physiologically active substances of camellia oil were tested,the results showed that the content of squalene,α-tocopherol,and β-sitosterol in the deodorized distillate of the four camellia oil samples were the highest,in that order 4580.151mg/kg,366.037mg/kg,1119.549mg/kg;the winterization residues of camellia oil are also rich in squalene and β-sitosterol,but the content of α-tocopherol is relatively small,which is227.022mg/kg,459.543mg/kg,58.646mg/kg;the content of squalene,α-tocopherol,andβ-sitosterol incrude camellia oil oil are 219.696mg/kg,155.731mg/kg,and 364.038mg/kg respectively;in the refining process,these three Most of the active substances are lost,which leads to the lowest content of squalene,α-tocopherol and β-sitosterol in the refined oil,which are 130.152mg/kg,77.873mg/kg,177.284mg/kg.The hydrolysis of camellia oil was carried out by alkali catalysis.The effects of oil-water ratio,alcohol-oil ratio,reaction temperature,reaction time and catalyst dosage on the hydrolysis reaction of camellia oil were investigated.The hydrolysis of camellia oil was obtained according to single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment.The optimum process conditions are: KOH equivalent of 1.1,oil to water ratio of 2:1,alcohol to oil ratio of 2:1,reaction temperature of 60℃,reaction time of 90 min,three repeated tests,the average acid value of the product is 204.89 mg KOH/g.The content of the fatty acid composition,squalene,α-tocopherol and β-sitosterol in the hydrolyzate was analyzed,and it was found that the fatty acid composition of the hydrolyzate was 8.84%by weight of palmitic acid and 2.23% by weight of stearic acid.The acid was 81.10wt%,the linoleic acid was 7.39wt%,and the linolenic acid was 0.58wt%;the composition and relative content of other fatty acids were not much different from the unhydrolyzed finished camellia oil except that no peanut acid was detected.The contents of squalene,α-tocopherol and β-sitosterol were detected in the hydrolysate of Camellia oil,and the contents were 60.138mg/kg,6.597mg/kg and 72.067mg/kg,respectively.Contrast and unhydrolyzed camellia Oil,squalene lost 53.79% during hydrolysis,α-tocopherol loss rate was as high as 91.53%,and β-sitosterol lost 59.29%.The water-soluble camellia oil is prepared by carrying out an esterification reaction at a high temperature with a camellia oil hydrolyzate and PEG600 as raw materials.The effects of catalyst type and dosage,reaction temperature,feed ratio and reaction time on the esterification reaction were investigated.According to the single factor experiment,the optimum conditions for the preparation of water-soluble camellia oil were as follows:the catalyst selected 4A-type molecular sieve catalyst with a dosage of 0.4wt%,a reaction temperature of 160℃,a feeding ratio of 1:1.2,and a reaction time of 6.5 h.at this time,the esterification rate was 93.16%.the resulting product could be mutually soluble with water in any proportion.The product was analyzed by infrared and UPLC-MS.It was found that the main component of water-soluble camellia oil was PEG600 mono-and di-ester.At the same time,the properties of the product were tested.The water content was 0.67% and the saponification value was 110.2mg KOH/g.The peroxide value was 4.6mmol/kg and the critical micelle concentration was 1.5 g/L.At this time,the surface tension of water was 32.01 dyn/cm,the HLB value was 14,and the maximum emulsification time was 9.8 min.Based on the successful preparation of water-soluble camellia oil in laboratory,the production technology of water-soluble camellia oil with an annual output of 5000 tons was designed.The design content mainly includes the design task formulation,the production method and the technological process selection,the preliminary material balance,the production process sketch design,the reactor selection and the operation design and the pipeline process flow chart design with the control point and so on. |
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