| Perovskite materials have shown amazing potential in the production of solar photovoltaic cells because its excellent photoelectric properties,becoming one of the most popular research topics in the field of solar photovoltaic cells.However,this organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cell is unstable.When installed outdoors,it will be washed by rain,and then decompose and produce elements such as lead and iodine,which may pollute the soil and water environment.With the further development of perovskite solar cells,the pace of their commercialization will continue to accelerate.Studying the dissolution behavior of its main elements under rain washing can not only provide intuitive environmental data to analyze its environmental impact,but also can realize the screening of low-dissolution perovskite materials,and has important guiding significance for the packaging technology in the industrialization process.This study selected five representative perovskite solar cell devices,namely MAPb I3,FA0.83MA0.17Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3(referred to as FAMA),FA0.75MA0.15Cs0.1Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3(abbreviated as FAMACs),Cs Pb I3,Cs Pb I2Br(where MA stands for CH3NH3 group,FA stands for CH2(NH2)2group),to explore the leaching behavior.The main research contents and results are as follows:(1)The surface morphologies of five types of perovskite films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and the photoelectric properties of the perovskite devices were characterized by current density-voltage curves,providing a basis for analyzing its dissolution behavior.(2)A set of simulated rainwater leaching test devices and quantitative analysis methods have been established to study the leaching behavior of harmful elements of perovskite under rainwater washing.It can be used to screen environment-friendly and high-efficiency perovskite solar cells.(3)The total amount of lead and iodine leaching from five types of perovskite solar devices was obtained by immersion experiment.The total amount of lead leaching and iodine leaching of FAMA were 981 mg/m2 and 1565 mg/m2,respectively,which were the highest environmental risks among the five kinds of perovskites.(4)By exploring the kinetic characteristics of different types of perovskites under a short-time simulated leaching,the differences in their decomposition rates are obtained.All types of perovskites decomposed more than 60%in four minutes.Among them,FAMACs has the slowest decomposition rate and is the most stable,and Cs Pb I2Br has the fastest decomposition rate and is the most sensitive to water.Combined with the characterization results of the perovskite film,the denser and smoother the surface of the perovskite crystal and the fewer the voids,the better the stability and the slower the decomposition rate.(5)The influence of the p H and temperature of rainwater on the leaching of lead and iodine in five kinds of perovskite films was investigated by using a leaching test device.The leaching amount of the five perovskites all reached the maximum under acidic conditions,and the leaching amount under alkaline conditions was generally greater than that under neutral conditions.The change of water temperature at 10?40°C did not cause a significant change in the leaching behavior of the perovskite. |
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