| Grassland ecosystem belongs to a branch of the Earth’s ecosystem,which can be divided into two types:tropical savannah,temperate grassland and a small part of the temperate grassland.The grassland vegetation type is widely distributed in the earth’s large area,accounting for 20%About.In the era of rapid economic development,due to the impact of human disturbance,grassland degradation occurred in many countries,and the ecological problems,sustainable development problems and obstacles to economic development have gradually become ecologists’ concerns.Focus.Precipitation,temperature and soil fertility factors in climate factors are the main factors that directly affect the growth and reproduction of plants and animals.Drought has a great impact on the life of plants and animals,causing damage to soil fertility.Prairie as a forest and desert excessive areas to alleviate the erosion of drought play a crucial role,for example,grassland can be maintained water,to maintain soil and water for animals and plants to provide a good habitat.With economic development and social progress,human production activities have had an important impact on the stability and long-term development of ecosystems.Ecosystem service function refers to the benefits of human use of ecosystems.The ecosystem can provide a variety of services for mankind,including supply function,regulatory function,cultural function and support function.It also maintains the human survival under the premise of providing the necessary material conditions for the survival of human beings such as food,air and water,And the development of the scientific life cycle system,so that it can run endlessly(Ouyang Zhiyun et al.,1999).Ecosystem services of rangeland is an ecosystem that is unique and irreplaceable in ecosystem services and plays a very important role in the whole ecosystem.The grassland has the functions of regulating the climate,conserving the water source,maintaining the material circulation and energy cycle of the life system.It not only provides the living space and food,medicine and various industrial and agricultural materials for human beings and various creatures,but also maintains the species diversity,Diversity has an important contribution to the grassland for the purification of the environment,to maintain the overall ecological and healthy development has made outstanding contributions.Based on the huge ecological regulation of the above-mentioned grassland,we analyzed the species diversity of grassland vegetation and aboveground biomass,animal species and soil fertility in the Hongsongwa Nature Reserve,and analyzed the temperate grassland through field investigation and data collection Grassland animal and plant growth status and the value of ecosystem services,the collection of various indicators to calculate the value of grassland ecosystems created in the region,so as to provide a scientific basis for the correct understanding and use of grassland,grassland natural protection at all levels District decision-making to provide protection.The Hongsongwa grassland belongs to the temperate meadow grassland,which is between the grassland and the steppe.The Hongsongwa Nature Reserve was a nature reserve approved by the Hebei provincial government in 1994 and then approved as a national nature reserve by the state in 1998.It is essential to protect the stability of grassland ecosystem and maintain the ecological balance the role of the current domestic protection is better grassland natural ecosystem.Vegetation coverage is high,reaching about 70%,the degree of degradation is light,in recent years the protection of the implementation of the fence enclosure,rodent control,sowing grass and other means of protection to maintain grassland ecological balance,and in the fencing area Very good results.However;there are many discordant phenomena in the protected area due to the increase of human activities and the increase of the demand for livestock products in the experimental area.In the experimental area,there are serious phenomena such as grassland degradation,vegetation species reduction and bare surface Plant communities and soil nutrients were more obvious changes.Therefore,we conducted a number of field visits and collected a large amount of data for the core area of the protected area,the experimental area to do plant species diversity survey,soil fertility survey,insect species survey;the core area of the protected area,the buffer zone,The district has done a bird survey and grassland ecosystem service value estimates,in the article is divided into two parts to explain.This paper attempts to analyze the effects of plant communities,animal communities and soil conditions on the ecosystem service value of meadow steppe from multiple perspectives,and draw the following conclusions:(1)In the plant diversity,Simpson diversity index,shannon-wiener index,margalef index and Pielou evenness index are the core areas>experimental area.The number of animal species as the core area>experimental area,the core area of the number of plant and animal species,vegetation growth lush,surface vegetation coverage rate of 70%or more.(2)The aboveground biomass of the core area of the Hongsongwa Nature Reserve was significantly higher than that in the experimental area.The core area had the most contribution to the aboveground biomass,followed by the forage and medicinal plants.The biomass of the medicinal plants grew faster,In the future will gradually replace the weeds into the core area of the new dominant species;experimental area dominant species for medicinal plants,is currently in the degradation stage,weeds and pasture in the area accounted for a higher proportion of biomass.(3)The soil organic matter content,soil total phosphorus and total soil nitrogen were closely related to the plant growth status,plant and animal species diversity in the experimental plot,and the grassland community was the most important factor in the soil area.The higher the species diversity,the lush growth,the nitrogen fixation effect of plants,the higher the probability of forming total phosphorus and organic matter,leading to higher soil fertility in the core area than the experimental area(4)The atmospheric regulation of Hongsongwa Nature Reserve accounted for 82.40%of the total ecosystem value of the unit area,followed by the maintenance of biodiversity(13.88%),tourism services(1.23%),food supply(0.87%).water conservation(0.61%),waste degradation(0.49%),soil conservation(0.28%),nutrient cycling(0.24%).The average value of ecosystem services per unit area in the protected area reached 41675.53 yuan/hm2.The value of ecosystem service value per unit area was sorted by the functional area as follows:core area>buffer zone>experimental area,high in plant and animal species diversity Core area,the higher the value of ecosystem services.(5)The value of ecosystem services in Hongsongwa Nature Reserve is 282.91 million yuan per year for the national economy,of which 24.3%is the core area,27.8%of the buffer zone and 47.9%of the experimental area.The results are related to the ecosystem services per unit area functional value does not match,mainly caused by the difference between the three area area,the core area only 1200hm2,the buffer zone is 2000hm2,the experimental area reached 4770hm2.Therefore,the value of ecosystem services per unit area is significantly different from that of total ecosystem services.(6)In the Hongsongwa Nature Reserve,the regulation of the atmosphere(84.4%)of the service function contributes the most to the value of the ecosystem services.In addition to the value contribution from the large to the small order:the maintenance of biodiversity(12.1%),tourism services(0.9%),food supply(0.9%),water conservation(0.6%),waste degradation(0.4%),soil conservation(0.3%),nutrient cycling(0.2%).The results show that the economic benefits of grassland ecosystems can not be underestimated,we should look more in the ecological protection and economic development and win-win perspective,with a sustainable development perspective,so as to provide more for economic development and transformation Strong protection.In summary,the grassland ecosystem for ecological rehabilitation,human survival and reproduction of animals and plants to provide an important guarantee.In recent years,fenced enclosure measures and planned grazing measures implemented in the core area have achieved remarkable results in the Hongsongwa Conservation Area.The measures are feasible and we should give encouragement and policy support.As a result of other levels of nature reserves to provide data support and scientific management basis. |
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