The Emergy Evaluation Of Grassland Ecosystem Services Value In The Three Rivers Source Region

The Three Rivers Source Region is in the west of China, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with an average altitude of over3500meters.It is the most important ecological function areas in China,with abundant water resources and biological resources.Its’ ecological environment is directly related to our country and Southeast Asian countries ecological security.The ecological environment of the Three Rivers Source Region is very simple and fragile, it is vulnerable to interference with the climate change and human activities. It is difficult to get a thorough improvement relying on its own adjustment and recoveryGrassland ecosystem is an important part of the Three Rivers Source Region ecosystems, not only it is related to the health of the local ecological environment, and it is the basis for the grassland animal husbandry industry in the Three Rivers Source Region. It is also related to the sustainable development of the economic and social future of the Three Rivers Source Region and it has important economic and ecological value.The study is divided into the following research steps:First, based on comprehensive and sequential grassland classification method, with the help of remote sensing technology, classified the grassland ecosystem of the Three Rivers Source Region,then use of Emergy analysis theory,through energy transformity and the energy currency ratio to asses the value of grassland ecosystem services on the Three Rivers Source Region from2001-2010. Second, collected the statistics of socio-economic development of the16counties a township in the Three Rivers Source Region from2001to2010to described the development situation of the Three Rivers Source Region; Compared the different changes between grassland ecosystem service value and the socio-economic development in the Three Rivers Source Region2001-2010. Finally, with the help of statistical software SPSS19.0, used principal component analysis and regression analysis, to research the intrinsic driving force factors of grassland ecosystem services value change in the Three Rivers Source Region (1)From the total volume of view, grassland ecological service value of the Three Rivers Source Region is huge, the total annual value is from137.5to178billion yuan and the average value is about150billion yuan2001-2010.Though the changes is intense in different years, overall, later2006is better than before2006;In the variety of grassland types, alpine meadow has the maimum value, followed by cold temperate-humid montane meadow, cool temperate-subhumid meadow steppe, figid-humid tundra,alpine meadow, the value of cold temperate-subhumid montane meadow steppe is minimum. The proportion of each type of grassland ecosystem service value of the total value of annual changes little;In the various indicators of ecological value, the release of O2and fixed CO2are the largest share of the magnitude of value, the proportion reached52%and35%of the total value; ranked third is the value of maintaining soil, accounted for about6%of the total value, and storage, provide organic matter direct biomass to the environment and value ranked in the last3rows. While the value of hay provided directly by the grassland ecosystem accounts for less than1%of the total value of ecosystem services of grassland ecosystem, much lower than other ecological value of the services they provide.(2)Comparing the Three Rivers Source Region grassland ecological values and social and economic development services,we can see, from the amount of speaking, the Three Rivers Source Region2001-2010-grassland ecosystem service value is much higher than the current year’s GDP magnitude of value, but in recent years,with the rapidly growth of GDP, the value of the ratio of grassland ecosystem service value and GDP continues to decrease from98times in2001..dropped to about20times in2010.From the changing trend from2001-2010, The GDP annual change rate of the Three Rivers Source Region is always higher than the rate of annual change in the value of the grassland ecosystem services, and the rate keeps positive, it indicates that the Three Rivers Source Region GDP remains upward trend; while the annual growth rate of grassland ecosystem services value appears negative in some years,it indicates that the value of the grassland ecosystem services appears negative growth phenomenon in those years.From the stability point of view, the standard deviation for the grassland ecological value services143.16is far higher than the standard deviation of GDP’s21.16. This shows the value of grassland ecosystem services value has greater instability than the change of GDP. From a per capita perspective, the average per capita share of GDP is5,609yuan in the Three Rivers Source Region, the average per capita of grassland ecological service value is229thousands yuan,the ratio between per capita of grassland ecosystem services and the per capita GDP from2001’s98.4decrease to2010’s98.4.From changes trend view, GDP per capita showed a steady upward trend year by year since2001, while ecological value per share of services remained stable in2001-2004, in2005appeared small rise, in2006appeared fall, after2006, it remained at around230thousands yuan, and the it emergenced of a small decline year by year.(3) Use principal component analysis and multiple regression analysis, to analyzed the internal driving factors of grassland ecosystem service value change.The results showed that:the climate factor has more significant impact than human activity factors to grassland ecosystem services value in the Three Rivers Source Region.In the Climate factors, annual precipitation and annual acuity0℃accumulated temperature have positive correlation to the change of grassland ecosystem services value;the coefficient is2.13×108and8.29×109, the average annual temperature is negatively related to the change of grassland ecosystem services value present relationship, the coefficient is-1.09×1010In this paper,combing grassland sequence classification with energy analysis theory, it is a explore of grassland ecological service value evaluation in methodological beneficial exploration in large-scale.