| Residents exposed to high-concentration PM2.5 polluted environment for a long time are prone to cause various diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and respiratory diseases.PM2.5 fine particulate matter(particle particulate matter)is one of the main pollutants of air pollution.The residential area is the main space for daily life of residents.Understanding the distribution rule and exposure level of PM2.5 in the residential area is an effective way to promote the residents’ outdoor activities and physical health.However,existing studies on the distribution characteristics,exposure levels and coping strategies of PM2.5 in residential areas are inadequate,as follows:①The distribution characteristics of PM2.5 in residential areas lack multi-seasonal,spatial and temporal dimensions;②The PM2.5 exposure levels in residential areas are relatively low Considering the difference between time and space exposure,it is difficult to understand the health effects of time and space in the residential area,and the research focuses on the individual exposure level of residents;③The PM2.5 exposure coping strategies in the residential area are lacking,and the research focuses on the characteristics and mechanism analysis stage.Based on this,this research integrates urban and rural planning,behavioral geography,environmental behavior,computational fluid dynamics,aerodynamics and other multidisciplinary perspectives,taking Wuhan Central Garden District as an example,taking PM2.5 concentration data,weather data,Using motor vehicle flow data and residents’outdoor activity data as data sources,with the help of CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)simulation and GIS space platform,the following contents were carried out:①Central Garden Community PM2.5 space-time distribution characteristics;Exposure level;②Strategies for PM2.5 exposure level in residential areas.The study found:①The central garden community has the most serious pollution in winter and the least pollution in summer.The atmospheric background pollution concentration has a significant influence on the pollution level of the residential area.In spring and autumn and winter,under the influence of high pollution concentration,high incoming flow wind speed and temperature rise,the diffusion effect of pollution in residential areas is more significant,and the difference between spatial and temporal changes is often large.In summer,the pollution level is low and the effect of pollution change is not obvious.②Under the influence of the constant incoming wind,the PM2.5 distribution of the Central Garden District has a significant seasonal difference.When the incoming wind is perpendicular to the residential building,the pollution of the central axis landscape space of the residential area and the upstream space of higher-rise residential buildings is more Serious;when the incoming wind is not perpendicular to the residential building,the landscape space of the cluster in the incoming wind direction is more polluted;the air pollution level of the cluster space and the space in front of the house with the same height in the upstream and downstream buildings is low.③Under the joint influence of residents ’outdoor activity heat and PM2.5 concentration in residential areas,spring is the peak season for residents’ outdoor activities,and residents highest exposure to PM2.5;summer is the season with the lowest PM2.5 levels,and residents’ lowest exposure to PM2.5;10:00-12:00 in the morning and 16:00-18:00 in the afternoon are the peak outdoor activities of residents in spring and autumn and winter,and they are also the two periods with the highest exposure levels of PM2.5.The distribution effect is significant.④Highand medium-exposure PM2.5 exposure spaces in the Central Garden District are the central axis landscape space and the wind-directed group space mainly composed of children’s play facilities and sports facilities.This type of space is the space with the highest activity heat of residents Under the influence of different incoming wind directions,the degree of pollution is obviously different,but the overall exposure level is higher.The low-level PM2.5 exposure space is a downwind cluster space with a small space scale and a similar height of the upstream and downstream buildings,the entrance space of the residential area,and the space in front of the house.This type of space has low activity heat and low overall pollution concentration.Individual spaces are seriously polluted and generally show lower exposure levels.The study believes that:①Optimize the planning and design of public space in residential areas,introduce the main points of residential space layout,improve the distribution of PM2.5 pollution in residential areas,and thus improve the pollution exposure environment of residents;②The PM2.5 exposure warning ability can guide the residents’outdoor activities and reduce the risk of pollution exposure.With a view to providing practical suggestions for residents’ health behavior and residential area planning and design. |
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