| Coastal wetlands are located in the key interlaced zone of land and sea.They have the dual characteristics of land and sea.The ecological environment is fragile,but at the same time,they are rich in resources.Here,human activities are frequent and development intens ity is high.In recent years,the ecological environment of wetlands has been seriously damaged,it is imperative to implement the policy of coastal wetland protection.The coastal wetland protection policy is a measure aimed at protecting wetland resources and promoting the sustainability of the coastal wetland ecological environment.Its purpose is to achieve the goal of sustainable development.The implementation of the policy reduces the occurrence of wetland destruction and improves the ecological environment.However,the implementation of the coastal wetland protection policy and the management and control of the development and utilization of wetland resources have to a certain extent limited the development rights of the farmers or fishermen around the reserve,which has brought opportunities and lost profits.If the damaged interests have not been effectively compensated,they will be detrimental to the stability and durability of the policy.Therefore,it is necessary to study the impact path of coastal wetland protection policy on the welfare of farmers and how much impact they produce,so as to target the ecological compensation for the farmers’ damaged benefits,reduce the welfare losses of farmers,and it is conducive to the stable implementation of polic ies and the sustainable development of farmers,to achieve a win-win situation of protection and development.Therefore,based on the analysis of the literature on the Sen’s capability approach,the mechanism of ecological compensation of coastal wetlands,the integration of feasibility and sustainable development,this paper determines the related measurement indicators of farmers’ welfare.And a questionnaire on the impact of coastal wetland protection policy on farmers’ welfare was designed.We selected the coastal villages around Shankou town,Hepu County,Beihai City,Guangxi as the research area,and carried out a field investigation in January 2020.We obtained valid sample data of 543 farmers or fishermen.By building a structural equation model and using maximum likelihood to estimate,this paper analyzes the path and effect of coastal wetland protection policy on household income,out-of-home employment,cultivated land utilization and interpersonal relationship.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The policy of coastal wetland protection has a direct or indirect positive promotion effect on the household income status of farmers,but the improvement effect still needs to be improved.Although the implementation of coastal wetland protection policies restricts some development rights of farmers,the labor force released from agricultural production is engaged in non-agricultural employment and other livelihood activities to increase the non-agricultural income of the farm households,making the household income status of the farm households slightly after the implementation of the policy.There is an improvement,the direct effect of which is 0.587;the indirect effect generated by affecting the employment status of rural households out of work is 0.109.(2)The coastal wetland protection policy has a direct negative effect on the cultivated land use status of farmers,with an impact of-0.221.Although the implementation of the coastal wetland protection policy does not forced the surrounding farmers to relocate or expropriate their farmland,its resource-limiting development and other management and control measures still have a negative impact on the farming decis ion-making of farmers.(3)The coastal wetland protection policy has a direct and positive impact on the employment status of rural households.After the implementation of the coastal wetland conservation policy,due to the limited utilization of wetland space resources,the traditional livelihood strategies of farmers have changed,and more people have turned to places farther away from their hometowns to seek employment opportunities.They have been working longer and father away,and more people have gone out to work.(4)The direct effect of the coastal wetland protection policy on the interpersonal relationship status of farmers is not significant,but it can have an indirect negative effect on the interpersonal relationship status of farmers through the influence on the employment status of farmers’ families,the indirect effect is-0.150.In view of the above conclusions,this paper puts forward some suggestions on constructing and improving the coastal wetland ecological compensation mechanism,providing employment opportunities,improving the utilization effic iency of cultivated land use,and giving full play to public partic ipation.Firstly,we should speed up the establishment and improvement of divers ified ecological compensation mechanism for coastal wetlands that takes capability approach into consideration,and put forward some suggestions on the sources of ecological compensation funds,the formulation of ecological compensation standards,and the exploration of ecological compensation methods.Second,it is necessary to give full play to the government’s service-oriented functions,increase the support and training of employment and entrepreneurship policy,upgrade the level of famers’ skills,and create diversified options for farmers’ livelihood.Third,it is necessary to strengthen the interpretation and public ity of protection policies,and to innovate the ways and means of protection,so as to enhance the public’s identification with the policy of coastal wetland protection,and to exert the power of public partic ipation in the protection and management activities.Fourth,we need to increase investment in science and technology,improve farmland water conservancy and other infrastructure construction,develop eco-agriculture and moderate scale operation,in order to improve the efficiency of agricultural land use,reduce the abandonment of arable land,increase local employment opportunities and improve the farmers’ welfare. |
PDF Full Text Request