Study On The Influence And Policy Optimization Of Coastal Zone Ecological Protection Policies On Farmer’s Capability Approach

The coastal zone is the key zone where the land and sea meet.It has abundant resources and fragile ecological environment.In recent years,the intensity of human exploitation activities in coastal zones has become more and more intense,which has caused serious damage to the ecological environment of coastal zones.The introduction of ecological protection policies in ecologically fragile areas is a typical policy tool used by governments around the world to solve regional environmental problems.It is used to offset the negative impact of human activities on the environment.It is a widely adopted approach to protect ecosystems,which can potentially protect resources and provide social and economic benefits to local communities.However,with the expansion of the scope of the protected areas and the strengthening of the protection efforts,the problem of limited livelihood of residents in the protected areas has gradually emerged,and the balance between the ecological protection policy of the coastal zone and the well-being of local farmers is facing unprecedented challenges.The coastal zone ecological protection policy has affected social equity to some extent,resulting in the imbalance between coastal development regions and threatening the livelihood of local farmers.If the contradictions and problems between farmers’ development and environmental protection cannot be solved in time,it will not be conducive to the sustainable development of the coastal zone.Therefore,it is becoming more and more urgent to evaluate the impact of coastal zone ecological protection policies on the welfare of local farmers,and it is very important to study the path of the impact of coastal zone ecological protection policies on the welfare of farmers and how much effect it has.It is beneficial to improve the welfare of farmers and the feasibility of the policy to put forward suggestions on the improvement of the coastal zone ecological protection policy,so as to realize the win-win situation of protection and development.Based on this,this paper selects China’s Beibu Gulf Mangrove National Reserve as the study area.Guided by the capability approach theory of Amartya Sen,a Nobel laureate in economics,sample data of 448 households are obtained from the study area.Through the establishment of structural equation model,the impacts of coastal ecological protection policies on the multidimensional wellbeing of farmers are measured on both spatial and temporal scales.The results showed that the economic conditions of farmers in the mangrove protected area and outside the mangrove protected area decreased significantly(0.236 to-0.242 in the mangrove protected area and 0.041 to-0.161 outside the mangrove protected area)after the implementation of the coastal zone ecological protection policy for three years.However,the two dimensions of living environment and cognition of ecosystem services showed opposite results in the two study areas: In the past three years,the ecosystem status in the protected area has been significantly improved and promoted,while the ecosystem services and environmental sustainability outside the protected area have been declining(-0.271 and-0.328 to-0.172 and-0.253;Outside the protected area,0.031 and 0.133 to-0.268,-0.243).That is,the ecological protection policy will reduce the feasible ability level of farmers in the short term.However,from the dynamic and long-term perspective,once the "pain period" is over,the feasible capacity will be continuously and steadily improved,so as to achieve a win-win situation of the improvement of farmers’ well-being and ecological sustainable development.This result also innovatively verifies the core of capability approach theory,that is,"freedom" is not complete freedom,but restricted freedom.The research results provide the government and policy makers with ideas for improving ecological protection policies,and also provide a reasonable and scientific reference for improving the well-being of farmers,so as to improve the feasibility and effectiveness of policy implementation.