| Air pollution has been a hot topic since entering the twenty-first century.With the continuous development of China’s economy,people’s health awareness continues to improve,and the harm of air pollution to health has been paid more and more attention.A number of studies have shown that air pollution will lead to the increase in the incidence of respiratory diseases and some chronic inflammatory diseases,thus leading to the increase of residents’medical costs The government also attaches more importance to the prevention and control of pollution,and has put forward a series of policy measures and guidelines on pollution prevention and control,accurately measuring the impact of air pollution on the medical cost of residents,and quantifying the economic cost of environmental pollution is of great significance to the formulation of pollution prevention and control policies.In this paper,CHARLS 2,018 questionnaire survey data as a sample data source,select inversion as a tool variable to study the impact of regional PM2.5 concentration on the medical cost of residents aged over 45 in China.Firstly,the annual PM2.5 concentration in the region was used as the explanatory variable,and the annual medical cost of residents was used as the explanatory variable.At the same time,a series of control variables including individual characteristics,regional characteristics and environmental characteristics were selected to study the impact of PM2.5 on the medical cost of residents.Due to the existence of endogenous,this paper added inversion as the tool variable,and used the second stage minimum 2In order to distinguish the specific path of changes in medical cost caused by air pollution,this paper introduces avoidance behavior variables to study the impact of air pollution on Residents’medical cost after eliminating the impact of avoidance behavior;as a further expansion study,this paper considers the impact of different air pollutants on Residents’ medical cost and the impact of PM2.5 on Residents’ medical cost The inter period effect of medical cost.In order to study whether there are differences in medical cost expenditure when air pollution occurs among different age groups and regional groups,the samples are divided into 3 groups according to their ages,and divided into rural areas,urban areas,and East,middle and west areas according to their regions The impact may be non-linear.In this paper,the samples are divided into 3 groups according to the difference of air pollution concentration,and the changes of medical cost when they are exposed to air pollution are studied respectively.In the robust test,the residents’ self-assessment of health is used as an agent variable of residents’medical cost expenditure;finally,according to the analysis of the status quo and the results of empirical analysis,the full text is summarized,and the corresponding policy recommendations,the shortcomings of the paper and the prospects for future development are proposed.Through the research,we found:(1)under the regression results of adding inversion as a tool variable,PM2.5 has a significant positive impact on the medical and health cost of middle-aged and elderly residents in China,and the regression results show that every 1ug/m3 increase in the annual average concentration of PM2.5 will lead to an increase of RMB 17.287 in the annual average medical cost of residents,after eliminating the circumvention effect,the impact of PM2.5 will increase to RMB 20.311 After considering the difference of medical cost of residents in the year caused by different concentrations of PM2.5,the medical cost of residents in the middle and high pollution areas of PM2.5 will increase to RMB 170.198(2)the impact of air pollution on the medical cost of residents is affected by the level of education and personal income of residents.The higher the level of education and personal income of residents,the more they will spend when facing air pollution(3)the impact of air pollution on residents of different ages and regions varies greatly.For different age groups,air pollution has the greatest impact on residents between 60 and 70 years old,and has no significant impact on the elderly over 70 years old.For different regional groups,central China and urban areas are more affected by air pollution.(4)different air pollution The impact of pollutants on Residents’ medical cost is significantly different,among which SO2 has the largest impact on Residents’medical cost among all air pollutants.However,PM2.5,as the main pollutant of air pollution in China,its impact on Residents’ medical cost is still the focus of research and environmental policy formulation.(5)The impact of air pollution on the residents’ medical cost expenditure has a cross period effect.Among the cross period effects in the first 3 years of this study,the concentration of PM2.5 in each year has a significant positive impact on the residents’ medical cost expenditure,proving the existence of the cross period effect of air pollution. |
