| The mining of coal resources lead to continuous changes in the landscape pattern of the mining area,which poses a huge threat to the ecological environment of the mining area.To realize the spatial quantitative expression of the evolution characteristics of the landscape pattern of Pingshuo mining area,then assessing the landscape ecological resilience and landscape ecological risk under the background of landscape pattern evolution,this study using land use data based on an interpretation of seven time periods Landsat TM images from 1990 to 2018,based on the theories of landscape ecology et al,making use of RS,GIS,spatial statistics and geo-statistics technique,selecting suitable landscape pattern metrics,according to the granularity effect curves of landscape pattern metrics,the optimum granularity of landscape pattern analysis was determined,the evolution characteristics of landscape pattern including landscape level and landscape class level was analyzed,the method of spatial extent setting was adopted to explore the extent effect of landscape pattern.The landscape ecological elasticity calculation model was constructed combined with the vegetation coverage data,from the perspective of dominant morphological changes in landscape pattern,the dynamic changes of the ecological elasticity of the entire Pingshuo mining area and the three mines were analyzed from 1990 to 2018.The landscape ecological risk index was constructed,from the perspective of landscape ecology,the ecological environment of the mining area was evaluated by combining landscape pattern and ecological risk,which reveals the spatial-temporal heterogeneity of landscape ecological risk of the mining area.The main results are as follows:(1)60m was determined as the optimum analysis granularity of the evolution characteristics of landscape pattern.The results of landscape level showed that before 1996,landscape pattern showed a low fragmentation and high natural connectivity.After 1996,the landscape pattern inclined to be complicated and diverse,the degree of fragmentation was higher,and the degree of connectivity was reduced.The results of landscape class level showed that arable land was the dominant landscape with great natural connectivity,woodland and grassland has a slight spreading trend,and the advantage of centralized distribution was weakened,the distribution of traffic land and rural settlement was the most scattered,the urban land gradually became large and complete landscape,the shape of open pit,dump,stripping area and industrial land were gradually regular and the trend of agglomeration was obvious.The extent effect of the landscape metrics was different in different extent intervals.(2)The ecological elasticity value of the entire Pingshuo mining area showed an overall upward trend,indicating that the ecological environment had ameliorated.The ecological elasticity of the mine area was markedly different.The elasticity value of the Antaibao mine had been at a low level.The elasticity value of the Anjialing mine increased and then decreased.The elasticity value of the East open-pit mine showed a downward trend.Mining has caused the ecological elasticity of the mine area to be at a low level.After 2009,the ecological elasticity of the mine continued to decline.The ecological elasticity of the Pingshuo mining area was driven negatively,and the ecological elasticity dynamics continued to decrease.(3)The spatial distribution of landscape ecological risk in Pingshuo mining area was concentrated from 1990 to 2018,the spatial agglomeration effect of risk was obvious,and the spatial heterogeneity caused by the spatial autocorrelation was dominant.The landscape ecological risk level of Pingshuo mining area was dominated by medium-low,medium and medium-high from 1990 to 2018.The low risk areas were mainly distributed in Jingping Town and the large woodland,arable land was the main distribution areas of medium risk,and the high risk areas gradually shrank to the mining core areas within the mine boundary. |
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