Study On Land Cover Change And Ecosystem Service Value In China-Pakistan Economic Corridor

As an important part of the"One Belt And One Road",the changes of the land cover along the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor（CPEC）attract many attentions.With the improvement of urbanization along the CPEC,more and more people have gathered to cities,thus,more mankind activities have affected the land cover classification,land scale and ecological environment.In order to grasp the land cover and ecosystem services changes,a new model named Object-oriented Iterative Classification method based on Multiple Classifiers Ensemble（OIC‐MCE）was proposed based on the high-resolution remote sensing images and existing machine learning algorithms.On this basis,four land cover data sets were produced for the year of 1990,2000,2010 and 2015,and the changes of the spatial and temporal pattern of land cover and ecosystem services value in the region along the CPEC were analyzed.The main conclusions are as follows.（1）The accuracy of the data sets was 86.25%,83.50%,82.03%and 83.83%,respectively,the Kappa coefficient was 0.850,0.820,0.804 and 0.823,respectively.The data can reflect the land cover distribution patterns in the research area,and also could provide corresponding data support for the research of"One Belt And One Road".（2）The mainly types of land cover in CPEC are bare land,cultivated land and shrub.The types of land cover vary significantly among different areas,the main land cover types in the northern alpine region are bare land,glacier/permanent ice,grassland and shrub,and in the western plateau and hilly areas are mainly bare land,cultivated land and shrub,in the eastern plain area,cultivated land accounts for 56.43%of this area,and bare land occupies more than 60 percent of the area in Kashgar.From 1990 to 2000,2000 to 2010 and 2010 to 2015,the land cover change areas increased gradually,which were 0.78%,0.92%and 1.05%of the total area respectively,the change rates of land cover area in the three periods were 0.032%,0.029%and 0.056%respectively.The dynamic degree of shrub,bare land and glacier/permanent snow is negative,in a reduced state,and the the dynamic degree of cultivated land and impervious surface is positive,in an increasing state（3）From 1990 to 2015,the ecosystem services value in the region along the CPEC fluctuated significantly,the ecosystem services value was 8.75×10¹¹ yuan,8.70×10¹¹ yuan,8.81×10¹¹ yuan and 8.73×10¹¹ yuan,respectively.The proportion of different types of ecosystem services varied significantly,and the proportion of regulation service,support service,supply service and cultural service decreases successively,and the regulation service accounted for 60%of the total ecosystem services value.In the Indus plain,the ecosystem services value showed a fluctuating trend of decline from 1990 to 2015,the ecosystem services value of 2015 decreased by about 3.3×10⁹ yuan compared with 1990,low value areas increased from 1909 units in 1990 to 1932 units in 2015,and high value areas increased from 100 units in 1990 to 117 units in 2015,increased by about 0.16%and 0.12%,respectively,while the areas of increasing and decreasing are mainly in the vicinity of the Indus river and its tributaries.（4）During the construction of the CPEC from 2010 to 2015,the comprehensive change rate of land cover was the fastest in the three study periods,reached 0.056%.The areas of shrub,grassland and cultivated land were transferred the most,which were 1112.42 km²,1330.59 km² and 2296.43 km²,respectively.In 2015,the ecosystem services value decreased by about 7.54×10⁹ yuan compared with that of 2010,the ecosystem services value of shrub,grassland,water,bare land,and glacier/permanent snow decreased,and the ecosystem services value of water body decreased the most,reaching 3.33%of its total ecosystem services value,the ecosystem services value of forest,wetland and cultivated land were increased,among which the ecosystem services value of cultivated was about 0.82%higher than that of the previous period.