Pollution Evaluation And Source Appointment Of Elements PM_2.5 And PM₁₀ In Fengfeng Mining Area

Fengfeng mining area was built and prospered because of coal.The improvement of economic level depends on the development and utilization of coal resources.The air quality was polluted and destroyed by coal and coal chemical industry,which caused a certain threat to the local ecological environment and people.In this study,Fengfeng mining area was selected as the research object,and particulate matter samples were collected in four seasons.Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ICP-MS）,transmission electron microscopy（TEM）was used to analyze the inorganic elements composition of particulate matter,and several pollution assessment methods were combined to discuss the ecological pollution characteristics and health risks of the elements.The sources of particulate matter and elements in this area were also analyzed.In 2017,the air quality index of Fengfeng mining area was mainly good,light pollution and moderate pollution.The average 24 h concentrations of PM_2.5 in Fengfeng mining area were 171.44μg/m³,83.80μg/m³,112.73μg/m³ and 111.75μg/m³ in winter,spring,summer and autumn,respectively.The average 24 h concentrations of PM₁₀ in spring,summer and autumn were 204.05μg/m³,186.09μg/m³ and 184.15μg/m³,respectively.Both PM_2.5and PM₁₀ in Fengfeng mining area exceeded the second-level standard.This indicated that the air pollution level in this area was serious.The average mass concentrations of PM_2.5 elements in the four seasons were556.38 ng/m³ in winter,422.09 ng/m³ in spring,405.95 ng/m³ in summer and 408.24ng/m³ in autumn.The average mass concentrations of PM₁₀ elements in three seasons were spring（666.87ng/m³）,summer（555.67ng/m³）and autumn（571.36ng/m³）,respectively.Inorganic elements of particle concentration less than 1%,During the sampling period of Fengfeng mining area,the Cd and Pb elements in the particulate matter did not exceed the standard,and the As and Cr（Ⅵ）exceeded the standard.It can be seen that the pollution of As and Cr heavy metal elements in Fengfeng mining area is severe.The pollution levels of Cd,Mo,Bi,Sb,Pb,Sn,and Zn elements in Fengfeng mining area are relatively high.The ecological hazard level of Cd element is extremely strong,Pb element has a strong ecological hazard risk,and As element has a medium ecological hazard risk.Cd,Pb and Zn are significant factors of air pollution,and Cd is the primary pollutant element in Fengfeng mining area;the health risk assessment results show that Cr,As,Cd and Pb elements have carcinogenic risks to the population in the mining area,and Cr is the study The population in the district has developed a risk of cancer,which poses the greatest risk to the elderly.The carcinogenic risk of heavy metals is positively correlated with the age of the population;the carcinogenic risk of different age groups is male>female;there is no non-carcinogenic risk in this area.The source of particulate matter is transported by long-distance and high-altitude in winter and spring,and short-distance and low-altitude transportation in summer and autumn.Cd,Bi and Mo elements were mainly affected by human factors.Cu,Zn,As,Sn and Pb were affected by both natural and human factors.The elements V,Cr,Mn,Co,Ni,Y,La,Ce,Sm,Th and U were mainly derived from crustal materials.According to principal component analysis,there were four major pollution sources,which were natural dust source,traffic pollution,agricultural activity,industrial activity.