Simulation Study On Cruise Ship Cabin Fire And Safety Evacuation

With the rapid development of the global cruise tourism industry,the number of cruise passengers worldwide has been increasing annually.Whereas,the shipwreck accidents of cruise ships can put passengers in jeopardy of serious,and often fatal injuries and bring about property losses.Statistics show that the cruise ship fire accounts for a high proportion of shipwreck accidents.Cruise ships are of huge size,carrying a large number of passengers and combustible materials;once a fire occurs,it is easy to cause casualties.In the past,the studies on ship fires and personnel evacuation were separately carried out by many research scholars at home and abroad,while only a few explored the significance of the study on ship fires to personnel evacuation planning.Given that,this thesis studied the cruise ship fire development,smoke spread,and the evacuation behavior of passengers and crew in specific situations.The study was carried out as follows:(1)The theoretical basis for cruise ship fires and personnel evacuation was established by referring to relevant literature.Ship cabin fires were divided into different categories.A mathematical model of fire has been built based on the FDS field simulation theory.All evacuation models were analyzed from both macro and micro perspectives.The factors affecting personnel evacuation fell in three stages,namely,the fire warning stage,personnel response stage and personnel evacuation stage.The performance-based standard for personnel evacuation was established,stipulating that the available safety evacuation time(ASET)must be longer than the required safety evacuation time(RSET).(2)Taking a cruise ship as the research object,the Pyro Sim physical model of the cruise cabin was set up by dividing the grid and setting the location of the fire source,the heat release rate,and the position of the observation point.A risk parameter control standard was established based on the safety evaluation index of visibility,temperature,and CO concentration.The distribution of smoke,visibility,temperature and CO concentration in four kinds of fire scenes and the time points when the observation points in different key places reach the risk threshold of safety evaluation index were studied,so as to calculate the ASET in each fire scene.(3)The basic requirements and assumptions for the evacuation of cruise ship fire personnel were formulated based on the Ship Evacuation Guidelines released by the International Maritime Organization.The Pathfinder personnel evacuation model was established by setting the number,location,age,gender,walking speed of evacuation personnel and evacuation path.The evacuation model was simulated in two scenarios.The RSET of the passengers of the cruise ship was calculated by analyzing the evacuation results.(4)The ASET and the RSET were both taken as decisive index indicating the safety of cruise cabin personnel.Reasons for the inability to evacuate safely were sorted out and fire prevention measures and safety evacuation countermeasures were planned accordingly.The study can further strengthen the fire prevention and control of cruise ships during the design,construction,and navigation process,and play a reference role in evacuating passengers in critical situations,so it is of great practical significance.