Study On Land Use Change And Its Effects On Eco-environment Of Wujiang River Basin In Guizhou Province

In recent years,with the increase of population,the development of industrialization and urbanization,mankind has increased the degree of development and utilization of land resources,and the interaction of natural factors has caused more serious damage to land resources and caused soil erosion.,Land desertification,salinization,and a series of ecological and environmental problems such as the sharp decline of biodiversity.Based on this,this article is in the context of the"Land Use/Cover Change(LUCC)Research Program"jointly initiated by the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program(IGBP)and the Human Factors in Global Change Program(IHDP),based on the 2000,2010 and2017 land use data of the Wujiang River Basin in Guizhou Province,with the support of Arc GIS,SPSS,Fragstats and other software,the spatial distribution of land use in the Wujiang River Basin in Guizhou Province was analyzed using dynamic change indicators of land use and a land use transfer matrix.Features and dynamic changes,and from the perspectives of natural factors and socio-economics,analyzes the driving force of land use changes in the basin.On the basis of land use change analysis,calculate the ecological environmental quality index of the Wujiang River Basin in Guizhou and the ecological contribution rate of land use conversion,analyze the impact of land use conversion on the ecological environment of the Wujiang River Basin in Guizhou;at the same time,use Fragstats to calculate the Wujiang River Basin in Guizhou The landscape pattern index analyzes the ecological environmental effects of land use changes in the Wujiang River Basin in Guizhou from the perspective of landscape ecology.The results of this paper are of great significance to the rational use of land use and the construction of ecological civilization in the Wujiang River Basin in Guizhou.The specific research results are as follows:(1)Forest land,grassland and cultivated land constitute the main body of land use in the Wujiang River Basin in Guizhou.The sum of the three areas accounts for more than 90%of the total area of the basin,and the sum of construction land,water area and unused land area accounts for a small proportion of the total area of the basin.(2)From 2000 to 2017,the land use structure of the Wujiang River Basin in Guizhou has changed,and the specific manifestation is"four increases and three decreases".Among them,the area of woodland increased the most,increasing by 823.24km~2;the area of cultivated land decreased the most,decreasing by 881.23km~2.On the whole,the comprehensive land use dynamics of the Wujiang River Basin in Guizhou during 2000-2010 and 2010-2017 were 9.26%and 38.69%,respectively,indicating that the rate of land use change in the Wujiang River Basin in Guizhou is gradually accelerating.(3)From 2000 to 2017,the changes in the land use structure of the Wujiang River Basin in Guizhou Province were mainly manifested in the mutual conversion of forest land,grassland,cultivated land and construction land.Among them,the area of cultivated land transferred out was the most,and the area of forest land transferred in was the most.Construction land and water areas are mainly transferred in from cultivated land and forest land,and the unused land has a relatively small base and the conversion characteristics are not obvious.(4)The land use change in the Wujiang River Basin in Guizhou is determined by natural factors and socioeconomic factors.Among them,natural factors(elevation,slope)determine the distribution pattern of land use in the watershed;socioeconomic factors(population change,economic development,scientific and technological progress,etc.)have a short-term effect on land use changes in the Wujiang River Basin in Guizhou.(5)The landscape pattern of the Wujiang River Basin in Guizhou has changed due to the impact of land use changes.From the perspective of landscape type,the average patch area of cultivated land,construction land,and water area is relatively small,patch density is relatively high,and the degree of landscape fragmentation is relatively high;woodland and grassland are mostly distributed in patches,so landscape connectivity is relatively strong and affected Human activities have less impact,and its fractal dimension index is higher;From the perspective of landscape types,the degree of landscape fragmentation in the Wujiang River Basin in Guizhou has an increasing trend,which is mainly reflected in the increase in patch density and the decrease in the spread index in the northeast of the basin;in addition,the spatial heterogeneity of the basin is increasing,mainly reflecting The diversity index and evenness index are increasing in the southwestern part of the basin.(6)From 2000 to 2017,the ecological environment index of the Wujiang River Basin in Guizhou Province generally showed an upward trend,showing a distribution pattern of"high in the northeast and low in the southwest".From the perspective of the ecological contribution rate of the conversion of land use types,the mutual conversion between different land use types has different effects on the improvement or deterioration of the ecological environment of the river basin.For example,the area change of forest land and water area in the river basin and the ecological environment of the river basin change.With a positive effect,the change in the area of construction land has a negative effect on the ecological environment of the basin.