| Triarrhena lutarioriparia L Liu is a unique resource in my country,and the residents of the Lake District in my country have a long-standing habit of eating Triarrhena lutarioriparia L Liu.The Dongting Lake area is the core production area of Triarrhena lutarioriparia L Liu.Because Hunan is an important hometown of non-ferrous metals,there are a large number of metal minerals mining in the four water systems of Hunan,Zi,Yuan,and Li.The papermaking around the lake area and the discharge of chemical companies have caused heavy metal pollution in some areas of Dongting Lake.It is of great significance to evaluate the heavy metal contents and correlations of water,soil,and Triarrhena lutarioriparia L Liu asparagus in the Dongting Lake area,but there are few reports.In this study,the four water systems of Xiangziyuanli and the wild Triarrhena lutarioriparia L Liu on the river beach of Dongting Lake area were used as raw materials.The nutrient composition and heavy metal content of Triarrhena lutarioriparia L Liu in five areas were measured and analyzed,and the heavy metal contents in water and soil in five locations Carry out the measurement and analyze its influence on the quality of Triarrhena lutarioriparia L Liu.This study also analyzed the effects of hot air drying and freeze drying on the quality of dehydrated Pak-choi Triarrhena lutarioriparia L Liu.It is expected to provide scientific reference data and technical support for the development of edible Triarrhena lutarioriparia L Liu as edible plant resources.The main research contents and results are as follows:1.Determination of heavy metal content and environmental relevance analysis of Triarrhena lutarioriparia L Liu in Dongting Lake area(1)The average content of cadmium in Triarrhena lutarioriparia L Liu in five areas of Dongting Lake area is 0.0441±0.0123 mg/kg;the average content of lead is 0.0327±0.0175mg/kg;the average content of chromium is 0.0038±0.0012 mg/kg;the average content of mercury is 0.0037±0.0015mg/kg;the average arsenic content is 0.0027±0.0009 mg/kg.The order of heavy metal content in Triarrhena lutarioriparia L Liu is:cadmium>lead>mercury>chromium>arsenic;the order of heavy metal contents in five zones is Dongting Lake area>Xiangshui area>Lishui area>Zhishui area>Yuanshui area.However,referring to the national food safety standard "Limits of Contaminants in Foods"(GB2762-2017)for the safety limit of heavy metals in fresh vegetables,the average content of lead,cadmium,mercury,and arsenic in the samples of Triarrhena lutarioriparia L Liu are within the safety limits,therefore,Judging from the content of heavy metals,Triarrhena lutarioriparia L Liu are safe.(2)The average content of cadmium in the soil of Triarrhena lutarioriparia L Liu growing environment in different regions of Dongting Lake area is 0.5082±0.3mg/kg;the average content of lead is 49.7±4.1 mg/kg;the average content of chromium is 31.6±2.2mg/kg;the average content of mercury is 0.296±0.2 mg/kg;the average content of arsenic is13.9±2.9 mg/kg.The average content of cadmium in water is 0.436±0.3 mg/kg;the average content of lead is 1.044±0.3 mg/kg;the average content of chromium is 0.139±0.3 mg/kg;the average content of mercury is 0.103±0.03 mg/kg;the average content of arsenic is1.45±0.2 mg/kg.(3)The correlation between the Pb content in the soil and the Pb content in Triarrhena lutarioriparia L Liu in the Dongting Lake area reached a very significant level,the correlation between the Cd content in the soil and the Cb content in the Triarrhena lutarioriparia L Liu reached a significant level,and the content of Cr,Hg,As in the soil and the Phoebe bournei in the soil There was no significant correlation between the contents in the water;there was no significant correlation between the contents of Cd,Cr,Hg,Pb,and As in the water source and the content in the water chestnut shoots.It can be preliminarily concluded that the content of heavy metals in Triarrhena lutarioriparia L Liu is less affected by the content of heavy metals in soil and water.(4)The single-factor pollution index method was used to evaluate the pollution status of heavy metals in Triarrhena lutarioriparia L Liu.The results showed that the pollution index of chromium and arsenic in Triarrhena lutarioriparia L Liu was less than 0.2,indicating that the concentrations of chromium and arsenic were within the normal background value range,while cadmium,Lead,mercury pollution index is divided into 0.44,0.33,0.39,between0.2-0.6,said that the cadmium,lead,mercury light pollution in Triarrhena lutarioriparia L Liu.It proves that the water source and the heavy metal content in the mudflat of Triarrhena lutarioriparia L Liu have a slight pollution to Triarrhena lutarioriparia L Liu.2.Determination and analysis of the main nutrients of Triarrhena lutarioriparia L Liu in five regions of Dongting Lake areaThe main nutrient components were determined using the wild Triarrhena lutarioriparia L Liu on the beaches of the Dongting Lake area at the intersection of Xiangziyuan Lake,Hunan Province and the intersection of the four waters as raw materials.The results are as follows:(1)The water content of Triarrhena lutarioriparia L Liu in different producing areas in Dongting Lake area is 91.17-93.13%;the content of reducing sugar is 1.03-1.25%;the content of total raw sugar is 3.16-3.36%;the content of fat is 0.09-0.13%;the protein content is 2.69-3.04%;total dietary fiber content is 2.68～3.27%;IDF content is 0.27-0.33%;SDF content is 2.40-2.94%;ascorbic acid content is 7.85-8.11mg/100g;vitamin B1 content is0.039-0.043 mg/kg;B2 content is 0.419-0.431 mg/kg;total flavonoid content is7.60±0.02-8.68±0.05mg/g.There were no significant differences in the main nutrients in Triarrhena lutarioriparia L Liu from different regions.(2)The five regions of Dongting Lake area contains 15 kinds of amino acids,the total amino acid content of the Triarrhena lutarioriparia L Liu is 1.9873-2.3483%;the essential amino acid content is 0.580-0.680%,the essential amino acids account for 0.5194-0.622% of the total amino acids;umami amino acids The content is 1.00-1.091%,the umami amino acid accounts for 45.52-51.23% of the total amino acid;the sweet amino acid content is0.210-0.378%,the sweet amino acid accounts for 10.45-16.48% of the total amino acid;the bitter amino acid content is 0.535-0.660 %,bitter-tasting amino acids account for11.49-29.15% of the total amount of amino acids;the content of medicinal amino acids is1.539-1.8477%.There were no significant differences in the types,contents and composition of amino acids in Triarrhena lutarioriparia L Liu from different producing areas.(3)Triarrhena lutarioriparia L Liu are rich in mineral elements,and the contents of potassium,calcium and magnesium are significantly higher than the contents of common vegetables.Among them,the potassium content of S Triarrhena lutarioriparia L Liu is between 4012.25-4111.79mg/kg;the calcium content is 1299.79-1440.22mg/ Between kg;magnesium content is between 140.51-152.31 mg/kg.There was no significant difference in the types and contents of minerals in Triarrhena lutarioriparia L Liu from different producing areas.3.Study on the effect of drying methods on the nutrition and quality characteristics of dehydrated Triarrhena lutarioriparia L Liu(1)The sensory quality of freeze-dried mulberry shoots is significantly higher than that of hot-air dried mullet.Freeze-dried mulberry shoots maintain the original color of fresh mulberry shoots,but the hot-dried mulberry shoots are more discolored;freeze-dried and hot-air dried The aroma of deciduous southern deciduous bamboo shoots decreased,but the scent of freeze-dried southern deciduous bamboo shoots was closer to that of fresh southern deciduous bamboo shoots;the freeze-dried southern deciduous bamboo shoots had a complete skeleton with micropores,while hot-air dried southern deciduous bamboo shoots deformed greatly.(2)The rehydration time of vacuum freeze-dried Triarrhena lutarioriparia L Liu is about 10 minutes,and the rehydration ratio is 8.93.The rehydration time of hot-dried bamboo shoots was about 20 minutes,and the rehydration ratio was 6.08.The rehydration speed and rehydration ratio of the vacuum freeze-dried Triarrhena lutarioriparia L Liu were significantly higher than those of hot-air dried Triarrhena lutarioriparia L Liu.(3)The content of protein,total sugar,Vc and flavonoids in freeze-dried Triarrhena lutarioriparia L Liu was significantly higher than that of hot-dried Triarrhena lutarioriparia L Liu,but the crude fiber content of hot-dried Triarrhena lutarioriparia L Liu was significantly higher than that of freeze-dried Triarrhena lutarioriparia L Liu. |
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