Impact Of Long-term Exposure To Urban Airborne Particulate Matters On Blood Lipid In The Physical Examination Population In Shijiazhuang City,China

Objective:To explore the effects of long-term exposure to urban airborne particulate matters PM_2.5and PM₁₀ on blood lipid in the physical examination population in Shijiazhuang City,China.Methods:1.Study population and methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in the present study.The questionnaires and medical examination date were collected between April 1 to December 31,2018 from three physical examination centers in Shijiazhuang City,The questionnaire contents included the basic information,life behaviors and other information of the subjects.2.Pollutants data:The air quality data,including daily average concentration of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were collected from 51 pollutant monitoring stations reported by the official air quality release system of the Hebei Province Environmental Protection Department,and the information for the longitudes and the latitudes of the monitoring stations were also collected.3.Prediction of the individual particulate matter concentration:The Empirical Bayesian Kriging statistical model in Arc GIS geographic information system was used to calculated the concentration of individual particulate matter,and the Leave-One-Out cross validation method was used to verify the accuracy of the prediction.4.Analysis method:restricted cubic spline and generalized linear and Logistic regression analysis were used to assess the association between particulate matters and blood lipid levels and dyslipidemia,adjusted by sex,age,BMI,education level,smoking,drinking,hypertension,diabetes,exercise status,outdoor activity time,labor intensity,medications for lipid-lowering taking during the study.Results:1.A total of 6193 people were included in the study.The average age of the population was 45.51±13.71 years old and 3387 people were males,accounted for 54.69%,2806 people were females,accounted for 45.31%.The average BMI was 24.31±3.39 kg/m².2.The average levels of TC,TG,HDL-C,and LDL-C of the study subjects were 4.89±0.94,1.55±1.17,1.32±0.35,2.99±0.79 mmol/L,respectively.The prevalences of high TC,high TG,low HDL-C,and high LDL-C were 8.75%,15.23%,14.26%,and 8.01%,respectively.3.The nolinear dose-response relationships between PM_2.5concentration and TC,LDL-C levels were not statistically significant(PM_2.5&TC,P_nonlinear=0.11 and PM_2.5&LDL-C,P_nonlinear=0.76).The results of generalized linear analysis showed the levels of TC and LDL-C increased by 0.21（0.13,0.28）mmol/L and 0.25（0.18,0.31）mmol/L per 10μg/m³ increased of PM_2.5,respectively.The nolinear dose-response relationships between PM_2.5 concentration and TG,HDL-C levels were not statistically significant(PM_2.5&TG,P_nonlinear=0.13 and PM_2.5&HDL-C,P_nonlinear=0.91).The results of generalized linear analysis showed the levels of TG and HDL-C decreased by0.17（-0.26,-0.07）mmol/L and 0.11（-0.14,-0.08）mmol/L per 10μg/m³increased of PM_2.5,respectively.4.The nolinear dose-response relationship between PM ₁₀concentration and TC,LDL-C levels were not statistically significant(PM₁₀&TC,P_nonlinear=0.33 and PM₁₀&LDL-C,P_nonlinear=0.08).The results of generalized linear analysis showed the levels of TC and LDL-C increased by 0.07（0.04,0.10）mmol/L and 0.11（0.09,0.14）mmol/L per 10μg/m³ increased of PM₁₀,respectively.The nolinear dose-response relationship between PM ₁₀ concentration and TG,HDL-C levels were not statistically significant(PM₁₀&TG,P_nonlinear=0.83 and PM₁₀&HDL-C,P_nonlinear=0.48).The results of generalized linear analysis showed the levels of TG and HDL-C decreased by0.07（-0.11,-0.03）mmol/L and 0.04（-0.05,-0.03）mmol/L per 10μg/m³increased of PM₁₀,respectively.5.The results of Logistic regression showed that the risk of high TC,high LDL-C,increased by 50%,70%,high TG decreased by 35%,per 10μg/m³increment of PM_2.5,respectively.The risk of high TC,high LDL-C increased by 19%,35%,high TG decreased by 15%,per10μg/m³increment of PM₁₀,respectively.Conclusions:1.Long-term exposure to PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were associated with the increase of TC and LDL-C levels in the physical examination population.2.Long-term exposure to PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were associated with the decrease of TG and HDL-C levels in the physical examination population.3.Long-term exposure to PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were associated with the higher risk of high TC,high LDL-C and a lower risk of high TG.4.Long-term exposure to PM_2.5 and PM₁₀had a stronger effect on the blood lipid levels of both men and women,and the overweight or elderly people.