| Pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCPs)are one of the emerging pollutants,mainly including human and veterinary drugs and daily care products.PPCPs are frequently used in people’s daily lives and are called "pseudo-persistent pollutants".Antibiotic resistance,endocrine disorders,primary productivity inhibition and other negative effects will eventually threaten human health.A large amount of literature shows that PPCPs residues are detected in rivers.As PPCPs enter the water environment,water resources are also facing the problem of being polluted.How to make people aware of the harm of PPCPs to the environment is now a crucial issue.In this study,53 kinds of PPCPs were identified in the Nanjing water system,their concentration levels were measured,and the ecological risks of PPCPs to aquatic organisms were evaluated.The main research contents and research results are as follows:(1)A self-developed new passive sampling device was used to sample 13 rivers in the Nanjing water system.Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,an analytical method was established for the simultaneous determination of 53 PPCPs in the water environment,including 3 sulfonamides,7 quinolones,3 macrolide antibiotics,3 sex hormones,2non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,2 psychotropic drugs,6 other drugs,3 personal care products,12 pesticides and 12 Kind of other compounds.Among them,Nanjing is not an agricultural area,but due to the high persistence of pesticides in the water environment,many types of pesticides were detected.Compared with the research of other scholars,there are many types of PPCPs detected in this paper.(2)Analyze the concentration level and spatial distribution of PPCPs in Nanjing water system.The results showed that the total concentration of PPCPs in each sampling point ranged from 8.24 to 104 μg/L.Among them,the detection rate of 19 kinds of PPCPs was100%,and the highest concentration was isoprocarb(ND-93.7 μg/L).The order of pollution degree of PPCPs was pesticides>personal care products>other compounds>sulfa drugs>macrolide antibiotics>sex hormones>psychiatric drugs>other drugs>non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs>quinolones drugs.Pukou District and Liuhe District are the main detection areas for PPCPs,mainly because of the influence of the industrial parks and agricultural areas in Pukou District and Liuhe District in Nanjing,and the use of pesticides and chemicals is relatively large.(3)Based on the obtained environmental concentrations of PPCPs,the risk quotient method was used to evaluate the ecological risks of PPCPs in the Nanjing water system.The results showed that macrolide antibiotics and pesticides showed high risk,while sulfa drugs,quinolones,other compounds,sex hormones and psychotropic drugs showed the least risk.Among them,the concentration and ecological risk of isoprocarb are high,indicating that isoprocarb is an environmental pollutant worthy of attention.Moreover,the high ecological risks of the target PPCPs are mainly concentrated in Pukou District,Liuhe District and Qixia District of Nanjing City.Among them,the concentration and ecological risk of Pukou District and Liuhe District are higher,while the ecological risk of Qixia District is higher.It does not necessarily produce low ecological risks.It is necessary to evaluate the ecological risks of compounds to the aquatic environment and comprehensively evaluate the effects of compounds on the aquatic environment. |
