Resilience Measurement And Its Spatial Differentiation In The Yellow River Basin

The Yellow River Basin is an important ecological environment protection belt and economic development belt in China,which promotes ecological security protection and social and economic development.However,under the restriction of resource contradiction,the contradiction between people and land in the Yellow River Basin has gradually become prominent,in the Yellow River upstream of the Yellow River source of ecological protection,middle along the downstream of the soil erosion problems in the yellow zone,urban agglomeration development under the control of the problems of water resources nervous,at the same time,the river basin as a whole,uncoordinated development level differences between the regional problems such as serious increasingly.To promote ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River basin and enhance the sustainable development level of the whole basin has become a hot spot in the Yellow River basin research.Resilience is defined as the ability of a social ecosystem to withstand disturbances and maintain its function and control.Since Canadian ecologist Holling introduced resilience into the field of ecology,the concept of resilience has provided a new idea for complex systems to cope with internal and external disturbances.Resilience theory is used to comprehensively evaluate the disturbance intensity of population,resources,environment and other elements of the socio-ecological system as well as the adaptive transformation ability of the system.The subsequent research on system state determination has been concerned by academic circles.Based on social-ecosystem theory and resilience theory,combined with domestic and foreign literature review,and based on the deconstruction of the connotation of Resilience,this paper intends to construct the Resilience index system from the perspectives of Interference pressure,Adaptability and Resilience of the socio-ecological system in the Yellow River Basin,taking 73 cities in the Yellow River Basin as the research object.Based on the cross-sectional data of 73 cities in 2008 and2018,the spatial and temporal variation of resilience of the Yellow River Basin in 2008and 2018 were measured by entropy-weight TOPSIS model,spatial autocorrelation method and standard deviation ellipse model.The results show that:（1）In 2008 and 2018,the distribution areas of high and low values of resilience of social subsystem and socio-ecosystem were basically the same.The high value region was massive and mainly distributed in central and eastern Shandong Province,while the low value region was flake and mainly distributed in the upper and middle reaches of Shandong Province.The high value region of ecological subsystem resilience mainly distributed in the upper and middle reaches of some cities and the middle part of Shandong Province,while the low value region distributed in Gansu,Shaanxi,Shanxi and Henan provinces.（2）Socio-ecosystem resilience increased in 56 cities in the Yellow River Basin from 2008 to 2018,especially in the middle reaches.In terms of social subsystem,the resilience of 60 cities in the basin increased,and it was concentrated in the middle reaches of the basin.In terms of ecological subsystem,the resilience of 73 cities in the basin showed an overall decline,and 59 cities showed a decrease of more than half,and the decreasing areas were distributed in the upper,middle and lower reaches.（3）From 2008 to 2018,at the watershed level and provincial（regional）level,the social subsystem resilience gap and socio-ecosystem resilience gap changed almost the same（except Gansu Province）,but the ecological subsystem resilience gap showed different performance.In terms of ecological subsystem,the resilience of the ecological subsystem of the whole Yellow River Basin and the eight provinces in the study area showed a decreasing trend.In terms of social subsystem,the resilience gap of the whole Yellow River Basin and most provinces（regions）except Shandong（-0.0285）showed an increasing trend.In terms of socio-ecological system,the gap of resilience of socio-ecological subsystem in the whole Yellow River Basin and most provinces（regions）except Shandong（-0.0179）and Gansu（-0.0049）showed an increasing trend.（4）In 2008 and 2018,the resilience of social-ecosystem system,ecological subsystem and social subsystem in the Yellow River Basin had a significant global spatial positive correlation.In terms of local spatial autocorrelation,the distribution pattern of social subsystem resilience and socio-ecosystem resilience in high-high agglomeration and high-low agglomeration areas is relatively stable and the distribution position is roughly the same.The distribution pattern of high-high agglomeration and high-low agglomeration of ecological subsystem resilience was relatively stable,and the low-low agglomeration occurred in 2008 was located in the north of Henan province.（5）In 2008 and 2018,the ellipse of standard deviation of social-ecosystem resilience,the ellipse of standard deviation of ecological subsystem resilience,and the ellipse of standard deviation of social subsystem resilience showed obvious east-west distribution,and showed a certain directional trend during the study period.However,the comparison between the ecological subsystem and the social subsystem shows that the former has a wide distribution area（626,662 km~2）and is located in the middle reaches of the region（112.95°E,36.35°N）.The latter has a small distribution area（468.9 million km~2）and is located downstream（114.75°E,36.12°N）.