| The Yellow River Basin as an important ecological barrier and economic corridor in China,the basin is rich in coal,oil,natural gas and non-ferrous metal resources,but due to historical social,natural conditions and other reasons,the Yellow River Basin ecological environment is fragile,ecological security situation is very serious.In September 2019,General Secretary Xi Jinping’s at the Symposium on Ecological Protection and High-Quality Development of the Yellow River Basin pointed out the rise of ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin to a national strategy,emphasized that the ecological protection of the Yellow River Basin should be "tailored to local conditions,classification policy".By revealing the spatial and temporal heterogeneous characteristics of ecological and environmental risks in the Yellow River Basin,identifying the influencing factors in different regions and constructing differentiated risk management strategies are essential to enhance ecological environmental protection and management in the Yellow River Basin and promote high-quality development in the basin.In view of this,this paper takes nine provinces and regions in the Yellow River Basin(including Qinghai,Sichuan,Gansu,Ningxia,Inner Mongolia,Shanxi,Shaanxi,Henan and Shandong)as the object of study,with the core research content of“ecological and environmental risk assessment and spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the Yellow River Basin”,the study fully considers the impact of risk source hazard and risk receptor vulnerability on ecological and environmental risks in the basin,to construct an index system for ecological and environmental risk assessment in the Yellow River basin based on “multi-dimensional risk sources-multi-dimensional receptors”,and to build a quantitative model for ecological and environmental risk assessment in the basin by applying the objective weighting method – “vertical and horizontal-pulling out the grade method”.And a comprehensive evaluation study on the spatial and temporal dynamics of ecological and environmental risks in the Yellow River Basin was carried out using the long-term panel data of nine provinces and regions in the Yellow River Basin from 2010 to 2019 as research samples,GIS technology and SPSS hierarchical cluster analysis were introduced to carry out the analysis of spatial heterogeneity and visual representation of spatial differences between the risk of ecological and environmental risk sources,vulnerability of risk receptors and comprehensive ecological and environmental risks in the watershed.Based on the analysis of the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of ecological and environmental risks in the Yellow River basin,differentiation strategy program for the management of ecological and environmental risks in the basin are proposed.The main findings are as follows:(1)In terms of time: The overall trend of the comprehensive ecological and environmental risk index in the nine provinces of the Yellow River Basin is fluctuating and decreasing.Among them,the comprehensive ecological and environmental risk index of Qinghai,Sichuan,Gansu,Ningxia,Inner Mongolia,Shanxi,Shaanxi,Henan and Shandong decreased from 127.12,129.26,121.66,113.28,124.23,105.31,111.76,141.05,107.46 in 2010 to 68.34,58.37,44.73,58.16,59.50,80.22,80.87,62.97,70.91 in 2019.The comprehensive ecological risk index decreased by 46.2%,54.8%,63.2%,48.7%,52.1%,23.8%,27.6%,55.4% and 34% respectively.The results indicate that,the ecological and environmental risks in the nine provinces of the Yellow River Basin are on a decreasing trend,and the overall ecological and environmental conditions are developing in a healthy and orderly direction.Among them,Sichuan,Gansu and Henan provinces have the most obvious improvement in the ecological and environmental risk situation.(2)From the space aspect: The spatial heterogeneity of ecological and environmental risks in the nine provinces and regions of the Yellow River Basin is obvious.Spatially,the ecological risk index shows a trend of Sichuan(104.38)> Inner Mongolia(93.87)> Shanxi(93.64)> Gansu(92.92)> Henan(88.62)> Shaanxi(85.00)> Shandong(81.06)> Ningxia(72.55)> Qinghai(63.03).The results show that,Sichuan,Inner Mongolia,Shanxi,Gansu is the most serious ecological and environmental risk situation of the Yellow River Basin provinces and regions;Ningxia and Qinghai in the upper reaches of the Yellow River have a smaller ecological and environmental risk index and less pressure to manage ecological and environmental risks.(3)The impact of risk source hazard and risk receptor vulnerability on the comprehensive ecological and environmental risk status of the Yellow River Basin provinces and regions has obvious regional differences.This paper proposes the principle of “priority control and management” and “gradual control and prevention”for the management of ecological and environmental risks in watersheds,according to the comprehensive risk classification of the ecological environment of the Yellow River basin,and fully consider the risk of different provinces and regions,the vulnerability of the risk receptors on the impact and contribution to the ecological environment risk,the basin ecological environment risk “differentiated”management program. |
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