| Yunnan is located in a remote area,where 25 ethnic minorities have lived together in the serried mountain for a long time and formed a rich ethnic material culture and constructive wisdom.As a typical building of the minority nationality,the Yunnan government offices are just a group of mountain architecture courtyards developed naturally in the crisscrossed mountain environment of Yunnan.They have not only the characteristics of mountain architecture and landscape,but also gather the essence of the national culture.Because of its varied mountain environment,in the process of the development of Tusi government offices` landscape,it has shown its building wisdom including adaptation to the mountain environment and the integration with nature whether in the overall pattern or in the single courtyard landscape construction.This article based on the characteristics of "mountain" in Yunnan province,is aimed to analyze the adaptive design of Yunnan Tusi government offices` landscape construction to the natural geographical environment(especially the mountain characteristics),by a large number of literature reading,the historical data collection,site investigation of 22 existing Tusi government offices` courtyard landscape in Yunnan area,the information platform GIS and computer simulation.The whole research is given priority to natural ecological adaptability research,and ecological adaptability of humanities research as a supplement by combining qualitative and quantitative analysis method.The research including the landscape pattern,relationship with the surrounding environment,general layout,yard landscape space design,detail design and other aspects such as the adaptability of existing mountain special conditions symbiotic wisdom,summarizes characteristic and design technique of the Yunnan Tusi government offices` landscape characteristics,in order to have the certain enlightenment to construction practice in mountainous region.At the same time,by analyzing its existing situation,the paper puts forward the corresponding strategies of reuse strategy.It is not only a scientific interpretation of the traditional courtyard landscape of Tusi government offices,but also a practical significance to protect and inherit the landscape value of Tusi government offices as a traditional combination courtyard in mountainous areas.In the first chapter,the introduction briefly describes the background of the topic and the origin of the research,clarifies the purpose and significance of the research,makes a literature review on the research of the landscape characteristics of the existing Tusi government offices and mountainous courtyards in China,and discusses the research entry point and technical route of this paper.The second chapter starts from the historical origins of Yunnan Tusi government offices and the overall geographical environment characteristics of Yunnan province,and then analyzes Tusi government offices’ specific topography,climate,ecology and other factors,summarizes the impact of various natural environmental factors on the design,and pave the way for later in-depth study of Yunnan Tusi government offices courtyard landscape characteristics of mountain adaptability;Chapter three to chapter five,are from the macroscopic landscape pattern to the mesoscopic spatial structure,and then to the microscopic internal courtyard landscape construction,successively carries out the research on the landscape characteristics of the Yunnan Tusi government offices.The third chapter analyzes the beginning of choosing location under the requirements of the defense,survival and living requirements,established the semi-enclosed mountain site selection experience of retreat,attack and close defense,upper forest and lower field,nearly a half jewels mountain water conservancy water location experience;The fourth chapter,mainly from the mountainous landscape characteristics to research the relationship between Tusi government offices and the surrounding environment,as well as the spatial layout of the courtyard mainly involving the mountain landscape,which specifically includes the overall construction features such as the plane structure in accordance with local conditions,the platform layout in accordance with the terrain,the slow and orderly spatial rhythm,and the landscape sight design;The fifth chapter introduces the landscape composition mode of the courtyard by analyzing the three interfaces composed by the courtyard and their landscape elements,and then interprets the different landscape characteristics presented by the courtyard node space of different functional types one by one.In addition,the overall environment of the courtyard was deeply analyzed and excavated through the computer simulation of the adaptability of courtyard landscape construction and mountain ecological climate.In the sixth chapter,the author analyzes the attitudes and behaviors of use of tourists and villagers through observation,investigation,visit and other methods,and evaluates the protection and development status of Tusi government offices in yunnan province.Based on the analysis of existing Tusi government offices and the surrounding conditions of integration,the reuse way of Tusi government offices can be divided into three categories: display use,construction control and the original protection.Under the overall environment protection planning,the three types will adopt the suitable protection strategy on the basis of its protected object and audience;Finally,the seventh chapter summarizes the landscape construction wisdom of Yunnan Tusi government offices in response to the mountain,so as to apply it to the landscape construction of the up-to-date mountain courtyard,and provide a meager force for the landscape construction based on the mountain environment.At the same time,this paper expounds the confusion of the research status and the prospect of the future research,in order to provide some references for the heritage protection of Tusi government offices,the construction of cultural landscape in the land,and the inheritance of regional traditional culture. |
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