Study On The Defense Characteristics Of Fort-type Settlement In Yuan River Basin,Hunan Province

Fort-type settlement is a unique traditional settlement form with defense function as the main requirement and residential function.In the Yuan river basin of Hunan province,there were a large number of fort-type settlements under the influence of complex topography,wars and turbulence,military and defense deployment,migration activities and other factors due to its historical location in the important geographical area connecting Yunnan and Guizhou.However,in the course of historical and social development,the defense needs of these fort-type settlements gradually faded,and the original defense facilities in the settlements were gradually destroyed or collapsed.But these fort-type settlements are an important part of Chinese traditional settlement pedigree,and they are the concentrated embodiment of the building and living wisdom of the ancestors in the historical period.They record the development and change of settlement forms,reflect the unique regional characteristics,and enrich the types and cultural connotations of settlements in Yuan river basin.The study of it can add a great deal of color to the whole research system of traditional settlements in Yuan river basin.It also provides some theoretical basis for the protection,renewal and activation of these traditional settlements in the future,and hope to play a reference role in the study of other types of traditional settlements.This paper takes fort-type settlements in Yuan river basin in hunan province as the research object.The first part analyzes the formation background and causes of fort-type settlements in the valley during the Ming and qing dynasties through documents and historical records.In the second part,according to the main body and the purpose of building the fort-type settlements,it is divided into three categories: military fort,village fort and family fort.Then the paper summarizes and analyzes the background and geographical distribution characteristics of each kind of fort-type settlements.The third part starts from the defense features of settlement level.This partr compares andsummarizes the defensive characteristics of the fort-type settlements in the basin from the aspects of the physical defense system such as the defense of natural environment,the perimeter defense of settlements,the spatial defense of streets and lanes,and the spiritual defense.Then select their typical cases for analysis.From this,we can see the differences in defense strategies under the influence of different cultures and construction purposes.The fourth part expounds the unique shapes,structures and techniques of residential buildings and public buildings in fort-type settlement under the influence of defense demands.At the same time,it summarizes the construction characteristics of defense structures in fort-type settlements and explores the defense characteristics of buildings and structures in it.