Study On The Planning And Construction Of Park Green Space In National New District

The construction of new urban areas in China is in the ascendant.The planning and construction of 19 national new urban areas represent the trend of the construction of new urban areas in China.As an important part of the urban ecological environment,urban park green space requires in-depth exploration of its planning and construction.In order to understand the planning and construction of park green space in national-level urban new areas,summarize their characteristics and trends,and provide suggestions for the planning and construction of park green areas in new urban areas in the future.The landscape index of the software platform and landscape ecology adopts landscape index analysis,spatial analysis and other methods to quantitatively analyze 19 approved indicators for park green space composition structure,spatial distribution,spatial connectivity,shape characteristics,surrounding land use and other related index characteristics The planning scheme,status quo construction of the park green space in the national-level urban new area and the characteristics of the construction process of park green space in 2013-2019.AHP and Delphi were used to determine the comprehensive evaluation index system and weight of the park green space ecological service function,and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to analyze the characteristics of the park green land ecological service function in each new district.The single factor variance method and the two-variable correlation analysis method were used to analyze the influence of topography and climatic conditions on the planning and construction of park green space in the new district.the result shows:(1)The characteristics of the park green space planning in the national-level urban new areas: In terms of number and scale,84% of the park green space in the new area is concentrated between 10-30.90% of the green area of the planned parks in the new district accounts for 0-2% of the total planned land area;in terms of composition type,84% of the new districts are mainly small and medium-sized,and 16% of the new districts are in the number of large and giant parks.It has an advantage in terms of area;in terms of spatial distribution,the distribution type is divided into uniform type and agglomerated type,with specific gravity of 68% and 32%,respectively.The nuclear density showed that each new area formed multiple discontinuous groups with higher nuclear density.The clustering index is concentrated above 98%;in terms of spatial connectivity,the average geometrical distance of 68% of park green areas is concentrated above 3000 meters;in terms of shape complexity,all are concentrated in the uncomplicated(1.0-1.5)level,and 74% of new areas The average shape index is less than 1.5;on the surrounding land,95% of the residential and commercial areas around the green area of the new district park account for more than 50%.And compared with the central areas of major domestic cities,the level of various indicators is lower.This indicates that there are insufficient scales in the planned park green space in the national-level urban new area,the composition type is relatively simple,the spatial distribution is uneven,the spatial connectivity is low,and the shape of the park green space is excessively artificial.Therefore,in the planning,the complexity of the landscape structure can be improved and the internal space of the landscape can be optimized by appropriately increasing the scale of the park green space,enriching the types of park green spaces,reducing the geometric distance between the park green spaces,and focusing on the combination of manpower and nature in shape.The structure promotes the integration of the habitat and natural environment in the park’s green space and helps it to play its due ecological function.(2)Evaluation of green park ecological service functions of national park planning for new urban areas:From the index system and weights,we can see that the proportion of park green space to urban construction area(0.1602),park green space service radius coverage(0.1634),park green space proximity index(0.1758),park green space connectivity(0.1923),index weight accounts for 69.17 of the total weight %,Indicating that these four indicators are the main influencing factors of the park green space ecological service function of the national-level urban new area,and this factor should be considered first when upgrading the park green space ecological service function of the national-level urban new area.According to the comprehensive evaluation results of the planned park green space in each new area,15.8% of the new park planned park green space ecological service function evaluation level is "III",that is,the park green space scale is insufficient,the structure and layout are uneven,and the ecological service function is unbalanced;63.2 % Of the new park planning park green space ecological service function comprehensive evaluation level is "IV",that is,its park green space scale and structure are more reasonable,the layout is more balanced and appropriate,and the ecological service function is playing well;26.3% of the new district planning park green land ecological service function comprehensive evaluation The grade is "V",that is,the park green space is of sufficient scale,reasonable structure,balanced layout,and full play of ecological service functions.According to the evaluation level of the index layer of each new area,although some new areas are at a higher level in the comprehensive evaluation,there is still a phenomenon of lower evaluation level in the index layer.This shows that even if the overall performance of the ecological service function is adequate,there are still development problems and shortcomings.Therefore,for some new areas with lower evaluation levels of some indicators,it is still necessary to carry out targeted ecological service function improvement in the planning and design,so as to enhance the adaptability of national new cities to development and changes.(3)The characteristics of the construction of the park green space in the new districts of national cities: In terms of quantity and scale,the number of park green spaces in each new district is between 1-15.The proportion of park green area in each new area is less than 1% of the total land area;in terms of composition type,89% of the new area is mainly small and medium-sized,and 11% of the new area occupies an advantage in the number and area of large and large park green space;Above,the nearest neighbor index is all greater than 1,and the nuclear density shows that a small number of scattered clusters of higher nuclear density are formed in the park green space of each new area.The aggregation index is concentrated below 95%;in terms of spatial connectivity,the average geometrical closest distance of 56% of the park green spaces in the new district exceeds 5000 meters;in terms of shape complexity,all are concentrated in the uncomplex(1.0-1.5)level,and the average shape index On the top,83% of the new districts have an average shape index of less than 1.5;on the surrounding land,94% of the residential and commercial districts around the green areas of the new district parks account for more than 50%.Moreover,compared with the central areas of major cities in China,the indicators are at a lower level.This shows that the status quo of the construction of park green spaces in national-level urban new areas is still in the development stage,and the overall construction is relatively immature,and the ecological service function is not balanced.In the follow-up construction,the park green space construction can be increased in the park green space service blind area,on the basis of ensuring the park green space service scope,the park green space scale is appropriately increased,and the construction methods such as excessively artificial park green space form are reduced to increase the park green space construction scale,Layout structure and ecological service functions.(4)The characteristics of the implementation of the park green space planning in the national-level urban new areas: due to the construction conditions,economic level,development stage and other factors,the implementation degree of the plans varies in each new area.(For example,Pudong New Area and Lanzhou New Area Park Green Space Status Park green space quantity scale,spatial distribution,spatial connection shape characteristics and other indicators are relatively small compared with the planning plan,the planning implementation degree is higher;Liangjiang New District,West Coast New District,Xiangjiang New districts and Jiangbei new districts followed;Harbin new districts,Changchun new districts,Ganjiang new districts,Gui’an new districts,and central Yunnan new districts.The current situation is quite different from the plan,and the implementation of the plan is the lowest.)There is a problem that the completed indicators are lower than the planning requirements,and the construction of park green space lags behind the development of urban construction land.The implementation of dynamic periodic assessment and inspection strategies,the establishment of a regional balance mechanism,the implementation of park green space and construction land collaborative development and other implementation strategies to improve the park green space construction and development rate to ensure the implementation progress and construction quality of the plan.(5)2013-2019 National Park New Area Park Green Space Construction Features:Due to construction conditions,development stages and other factors,although the construction growth rate of each new area park green space in different periods has been uneven.But in general,the number,area,type and scale of park green space in national new urban areas have increased steadily;the spatial distribution has grown unevenly from the edge to the middle;the spatial growth has evolved from decentralization to central clustering or multi-center clustering;The trend from regular to complex evolution;the functional areas of the park are mainly commercial and residential areas.(6)The impact of different conditions on the planning and construction of park green space in national new urban areas: In the planning plan,the terrain conditions have a significant correlation with the average area index of park green space(-0.575).Compared with the plains in mountain urban new areas,park green space The new district has the characteristics of "small area and large number".The climatic conditions are significantly correlated with the park green space aggregation index(0.564)and the average shape index(0.516).Compared with the northern new area,the shape of the park green space in the southern urban new area is more complicated,but the spatial aggregation degree is lower.In the current construction,the terrain conditions are significantly correlated with the park green area aggregation index(-0.508)and the average shape index(0.523)Compared with the plain new area,the shape of the park green area in the mountainous urban new area is more complex,but the spatial concentration is lower.This shows that the terrain and climatic conditions are one of the main factors affecting the planning and construction of the park green area in the national urban new area.Affected by it,the natural resources and construction conditions of different cities are quite different.Therefore,in the planning and construction process,the inherent relationship between the original natural environmental factors and the layout of the park green space should be respected,and the technical methods such as terrain design and landscape design should be used to make the park green space scale,location distribution,shape,etc.and the regional natural environment.Combine to maintain its original inherent spatial characteristics.This study can provide a theoretical basis for the planning and construction of park green space in national-level urban new areas,and also provide a reference for the construction of park green space in ordinary urban new areas.