Study On Safety Guarantee System To River-Type Drinking Water Sources

Drinking water safety is a basic issue of livelihood,and ensuring the safety of drinking water sources is of great significance to drinking water safety.In recent years,China has formed relevant laws,regulations and systems for the safety of water sources.Various departments and governments at all levels have also taken a lot of construction work to meet the safety standards of water sources.The level of safety assurance in water sources has been greatly improved.In general,there is still a certain distance between the safety level of drinking water sources and national requirements.River-type drinking water sources are one of the important types of drinking water sources in China.Compared with lake-reservoir water sources,they have high mobility,high degree of openness,extensive coverage,and cross-regional coordination issues between upstream and downstream.There are still major deficiencies in the work,which need to be further studied.This article systematically summarizes the safety management status,research work and results of water sources and river-type water sources from the four aspects of water quantity,water quality,monitoring,and management through the collection of data and literature studies.Then,by means of questionnaire surveys and discussion interviews,the article conducted field investigations on 17 river-type drinking water sources in the Chongqing section of the Fujiang River Basin,and analyzed the safety risks and problems in the management work.Through further analysis of the characteristics of river-type water sources and the need for safety assurance,specific safety assurance mechanisms are proposed from the three aspects of water quantity,water quality,monitoring and management,and the safety guarantee mechanism for drinking water sources in Chongqing section of the Fujiang River is initially proposed.The main research results are as follows:(1)The survey shows that there are still some security risk,including sustained water intake and water level cannot be sustained,emergency standby water source construction is not up to standard,regional water source environment has uneven level of comprehensive treatment,vegetation coverage is insufficient,water intake online monitoring facilities are incomplete,inspection work is not in place,some water sources along the river unreasonable division of protected areas,conflicts of interest across departments and regions.(2)The main characteristics are river basin characteristics,mixed water function ranges,cross-regional characteristics,mobility,high risks,and suddenness.The current challenges are mainly: conflicts between some laws,re-enactment light implementation,poor monitoring and monitoring level,the safety management coordination mechanism of river-type water sources has yet to be improved,public participation is relatively inadequate.There are still some "special problems across regions",such as the relatively perfect and cross-regional safeguards at "points" insufficient safeguards on the regional "line",relatively weak water security guarantees,lack of "supply-side" guarantees on water intake and water level,the delineation of water source protection zones and water function zones is yet to be further coordinated,and river-type water source safety and real-time difficulties in early warning and monitoring,ecological base flow have raised new issues and requirements for drinking water source management,inter-departmental coordination work mechanism has been initially established,but cross-regional coordination work mechanism is not yet specific,and financial support for the safety of river-type water sources requires new ideas.(3)The safety guarantee mechanism includes three aspects: water quantity safety,water quality safety,safety monitoring and management.The water security mechanism includes strengthening the water resources demonstration and water intake permit system,improving the water distribution system in rivers and water sources,and ensuring the smooth implementation of water scheduling.Based on the main points and difficulties of water source management,the subject proposes the construction of water source water quantity protection zones and water level protection from the perspective of the water supply side.Based on the principles of cost saving and the similarity of the quality of the standby water source and the original water source,the subject proposed eight emergency standby water source construction models from the perspectives of the original water source and other independent water sources.The water quality safety mechanism includes strengthening the division and implementation of water source protection zones,deepening the comprehensive management of the water source environment,building a water quality early warning monitoring system for the watershed and water source,and establishing a restraint mechanism for the pollutant discharge unit.The safety monitoring mechanism includes the establishment of comprehensive monitoring mechanisms such as the combination of conventional monitoring and information monitoring,strengthening the construction of monitoring facilities,and improving the inspection system of water sources.The management mechanism includes perfecting the safety guarantee technical standard system,perfecting the water source cost guarantee system,and formulating a "one river,one policy" management agreement.Build a special institution for the safety guarantee,strengthen the construction of safety management capacity,establish a cross-department and cross-region linkage mechanism,and improve the working mechanism of the social participation mechanism.Establish an information management platform and pay attention to the information management mechanism for training relevant personnel.(4)For the Chongqing section of the Fujiang River,preliminary measures for water quantity safety and water quality safety were proposed.Among them,the water safety measures are mainly for ensuring the water intake and water level of the water source in a long-term guarantee.This includes strengthening the water resources demonstration and water intake permit system,formulating water withdrawal plans for local and local governments,and strengthening the construction of water source conservation projects.Taking the southern section of Tongnan in Fujiang as an example,the artificial canal is used as an emergency backup water source,which can meet the water demand during dry seasons and sudden water pollution incidents.The subject proposes that optimizing the location of water intakes and merging water intakes are effective measures to coordinate the contradiction between the distribution of water function areas and the protection areas of water sources.Strengthen the management and assessment system of water source areas in remote villages and towns,and narrow the differences in management levels among water source areas.Strengthen capital investment and improve the construction of online monitoring facilities and the construction of information platforms for key monitoring sections such as provincial borders,city borders,risk sources,and water intakes.In addition,the Fujiang River has a large area,and it is necessary to establish a water source management department.At the same time,a cross-department and cross-region linkage mechanism should be established to coordinate and guarantee the safety of the water source.