Game-Theoretical And Contract-Based Energy Management In Vehicle-to-Grid

In the development of smart grid systems,the demand for electricity is increasing.Electric Vehicles(EVs)manufacturing,as an emerging strategic industry,plays a huge role in the development of the smart grid.In the strong provision of the government,vehicle-to-grid(V2G)technology has become a new and interesting research in smart grid,as a new type of energy interaction technology,it can give full play to the advantages of economy,flexibility and accessibility in the application environment of smart grid,and can be combined with the new energy power generation systems such as wind farm power generation and photovoltaic power generation with random and alternating characteristics under the smart grid to maximize its advantages.However,most EVs manufacturers on the market are unable to offer battery energy renting,and allowing EVs to actively participate in V2G energy transactions will have an impact on EVs battery life,EVs performance,and the privacy and safety of EV users.In addition,for completely different industries such as EVs,energy and information and communications,there is a lack of effective inter-industry cooperation and merging between different levels of networks at this stage.Therefore,the implementation of the existing V2G technology is a problem of energy transaction management complexity,network insufficiency and poor scalability.In view of the energy transaction problem of the three-tier bi-directional V2G energy market and the challenges mentioned above,this paper proposed an energy management strategies based on game theory and contract theory.Firstly,according to the consideration of EVs’ energy transmission loss and battery degradation in the process of V2G energy trading,an energy transaction scheme based on non-cooperative Stackelberg game theory is proposed.In this system,EVs can sell electricity at a unit price and provide electrical supplementation,which effectively reduces unbalance of the power supply at peak times and maximizes the benefits of energy aggregator(EAG)and EVs.Secondly,in order to optimize the utility of EAG in the case of information asymmetry of energy demand,EVs discharge incentive mechanism based on contract theory is proposed.This mechanism can effectively stimulate EVs to participate in V2G energy trading,and further improve social benefits.Finally,MatLab simulation results show that the benefit performance of the proposed scheme can be significantly improved compared with other experimental schemes.