Research On Energy Management Method And Bilateral Contract Transaction For PV-Prosumer Cluster Based On Game Theory

The global shortage of traditional fossil energy and environmental pollution have become increasingly prominent,it has become the consensus of all countries in the world to vigorously develop renewable energy and realize the efficient utilization of energy.Among them,distributed photovoltaics are gradually popular among users due to their simple installation and flexible construction scale.At this time,users change from a single electric energy consumer to a PV-Prosumer integrating production and consumption.In the context of smart grid,the joint operation of PV-Prosumer with automatic demand response elements can promote the local consumption of photovoltaic power generation and improve its power economy.Therefore,it is necessary to study reasonable user-side energy management methods and market transaction measures for PV-Prosumer clusters in the region.Firstly,this paper summarizes the game theory method suitable for multi-stakeholder optimal decision-making,including the introduction of relevant basic knowledge of game theory,the decision-making relationship and general application model of each subject in the master-slave game,as well as the alliance composition conditions and benefit distribution methods of cooperative games.At the same time,it sorts out the basic concepts of stochastic optimization and the conditional value-at-risk method for measuring risk,which lays a theoretical foundation for dealing with uncertainties faced by PV-Prosumer clusters participating in bilateral transaction.Secondly,taking the smart building cluster with distributed photovoltaic system as the research object,the concept of smart building cluster operator is introduced,and an energy sharing method considering the difference of time-of-use electricity price and based on master-slave game is proposed.Considering the differences in time-of-use electricity prices for building users with different load types,and the real-time demand response of smart buildings will promote energy sharing within the cluster,a day-ahead energy storage scheduling model is established.At the same time,considering the different profit-seeking characteristics of building cluster operator and building users,as well as users’ information privacy and electricity comfort requirements,a real-time demand response model based on master-slave game is proposed to realize the restriction and balance of the interests of the two parties and joint optimization.Practical example confirms that the proposed method can effectively improve the economic benefits of building cluster operator and smart buildings,and has advantages in promoting distributed photovoltaic on-site consumption and optimizing the net load characteristics of smart building clusters.Finally,taking the photovoltaic prosumer cluster(including large users)that can form a cooperative alliance as the research object,a game model of bilateral contract transactions between power generators and prosumer alliance considering CVa R is established.Considering the uncertainty of user load,photovoltaic output and spot electricity price,the multi-random variable scenarios are obtained by using the prediction error probability distribution,and K-means clustering method is introduced to reduce all scenarios.On this basis,taking into account CVa R,a master-slave game model for bilateral transactions between power generators and prosumer alliance is constructed.Among them,there is a non-cooperative game relationship between power generators,aiming at maximizing the profit of electricity sales and issuing contract quotations to the prosumer alliance.Based on CVa R,the alliance integrates the scenario which combines multiple random variables and generators’ quotations to determine power purchase strategy,and the two parties optimize each other to achieve the balance of interests.Finally,the game model is solved in an example,and the Shapley value method is used to distribute the alliance income.The results show that both prosumers and generators participating in the game can benefit.