Long Plank Rafter Building

Raw earth material is a hotspot in the field of architecture nowadays.It has the characteristics of local material,energy saving,low cost,comfortable and livable.It conforms to the main body of environmental protection and energy saving in the world today and conforms to the construction of ecological civilization advocated by the state.It has become a very popular building material in the new era.At present,domestic and foreign research and application of raw earth buildings have been carried out,and in the future will continue to expand the deeper and wider research and application space of raw earth materials."Long plank rafter building" is a unique traditional tamping technique which is spread in the mountainous areas of northeastern Fujian.Taking Gutian and Pingnan,Ningde as examples,this paper makes a thorough analysis of the unique features of "long slab rafter building" technique and rammed earth wall from the aspects of construction methods and artistic characteristics,which provides theoretical basis and technical support for the restoration,protection and inheritance of traditional folk houses in eastern Fujian,and has great theoretical and practical value.This paper consulted a large number of journals,monographs,dissertations,histories and corresponding Chinese and English materials related to local architecture and rammed earth wall.It grasped the historical evolution of traditional residential buildings and local architecture in China and deeply understood the history and architectural characteristics of traditional residential buildings in Fujian Province.Through extensive and in-depth field investigation and visits to the traditional houses in Northeast Fujian,this paper explores the unique Tamping Technique of "long slab rafter building".Through on-site architectural mapping and analysis,various detailed data are obtained.In this paper,the typical native buildings in Fujian Province,such as earth buildings,earth fortresses and other traditional native buildings in eastern Fujian,are compared and analyzed,and various tamping techniques and architectural style characteristics are summarized.The results show that the rammed earth wall in the traditional dwellings in eastern Fujian is very peculiar,and its ramming technique and wall quality are different from each other,and it has its own style.This technique,which has been inherited for hundreds of years,absorbs both the essence of "rafter building" and "plank building",and is a more sophisticated special technique.One of the characteristics of long rafters is that each tall "large plank wall" is used as the walking wall unit;the second feature of this technique is the "air-drying expansion joint" left behind when it parallels the wall,which allows each large plank wall to expand freely and prevent cracking in the wall;the third feature is the "bamboo tube" which is laid when it is tampered.The embedding of two kinds of "bamboo tube" of large and small is specially reserved for the fixing of scaffolding and mast in the construction of floors above the second floor.The wall tamped by the unique technique of long plank rafters is tall,flat,non-cracking and firm,which forms the characteristics and style of the traditional dwelling houses in eastern Fujian Province,which is composed of details such as large planks,long vertical joints,small dislocations,bamboo tube holes,small collection points and civil separation.