Research On Indoor Emergency Evacuation Safety Based On BIM Technology

When an emergency occurs in a crowded place,due to psychological factors such as panic and blind conformity,evacuees have limitations in choosing evacuation paths.Crowded people are very likely to cause trampling incidents,how to evacuate indoor people safely and quickly has become a focus of social concern.Indoor map plays a guiding role in evacuation path,but at present,the construction method of indoor map is mostly based on plane,lack of information about key points inside the building and the connections between the multi-storey building planes.The problems in evacuation process can be analyzed by computer simulation,but the evacuation model is different from the reality.To solve the above problems,this thesis adopts Building Information Model(BIM)technology,combines topological graph method and evacuation software Pathfinder,propose a construction method of indoor Multi-storey Topological Map and a hierarchical and phased evacuation method.Under the premise of comprehensively considering the evacuation model,path optimization model,personnel pass time and leader factors,the effectiveness of the method is verified through simulation experimental comparison.The main research contents are as follows:(1)Research on safety of indoor emergency evacuation.Aiming at the teaching building with external connecting corridor,combined with BIM model and Pathfinder software to build an emergency evacuation model.On the basis of consulting relevant data to determine the various parameter standards of personnel,the concept of influencing factors such as the crowding degree of the two sides of the corridor and the different number of personnel is put forward.Through the simulation experiments of unorganized evacuation,the impact on the evacuation safety when the number of people on both sides of the corridor and the different location of the corridor is researched.the problems in the evacuation process are summarized.(2)Construction of indoor Multi-storey Topology Map(MTM).Using BIM technology to extract the key information inside the building in the BIM model based on the IFC standard,combined with the indoor topological graph method,propose a Multi-storey Topology Map(MTM)construction method for multi-storey buildings.(3)Propose a hierarchical and phased evacuation method.Through studying the pass time of people under different evacuation scenarios,Combined with the indoor Multi-storey Topology Map propose the principle and strategy of phased evacuation,compared with the unorganized evacuation through simulation experiments.The indoor Multi-storey Topology Map constructed in this thesis can provide a macro-path guidance for the evacuation of multi-storey buildings.Proposed hierarchical and phased evacuation method can effectively reduce the density of people in the stairwell during the evacuation process,and also reduce the overall evacuation time compared with unorganized evacuation.The method researched can provide reference for multi-storey and multi-exit indoor emergency evacuation.