Study On Drivers’ Cognition And Behavior Response To Warning Signs On Mountain Roads

Due to the lack of targeted standards and specifications,the design and setting of warning signs in mountainous highway mainly rely on the reference of experience and principled specifications.Few studies focus on the warning signs of low-grade highway in mountainous area,and the development of warning sign setting standards and specifications based on the perspective of driver’s cognition and behavior is rare.However,the design,setting and effectiveness evaluation of warning signs on mountain roads need the support of targeted theoretical research,and the research on drivers’ cognition and behavior characteristics of warning signs is the key to formulate relevant standards and norms.Therefore,through the comprehensive analysis of driver’s cognition and behavior characteristics,this paper explores the specific setting method of warning signs on mountain roads,and obtains the characterization index of warning effectiveness,which provides theoretical basis for the optimization design,setting and evaluation of warning signs.Based on the driving simulation experiment platform,this study focuses on the role of warning signs,the cognitive and behavioral characteristics of different drivers.This paper systematically analyzes the driver’s behavior characteristics under the influence of warning signs;combines the dynamic driving simulation experimental data with the static questionnaire data,reveals the influence of warning signs on driver’s behavior,and explores the effective indicators of warning effectiveness.The main contents are as follows:(1)From the perspective of drivers,this paper studies the cognitive characteristics and differences of different types of drivers on warning signs.Firstly,based on the subjective evaluation questionnaire of drivers,drivers are divided into safety type,general type,dangerous type and mixed type.Based on the nature of signs,warning signs are divided into static single / combined danger warning signs and dynamic single/ combined danger warning signs.Secondly,driving simulation experiment and questionnaire were used to collect data of cognitive characteristics.Finally,through comprehensive analysis of various indicators,the cognitive rules and cognitive differences of different types of drivers on warning signs are clarified,and according to the cognitive characteristics of dangerous and mixed drivers,the supplementary suggestions on the design of warning signs are put forward.Warning signs such as "accident prone section" should be displayed in the form of image combined with text description to help drivers understand the meaning of the signs correctly.(2)From the perspective of warning signs,this paper studies the influence and difference of warning signs on different types of drivers’ behavior.According to the behavior data collected from the simulation experiment,the driving behavior,eye movement behavior and physiological and psychological behavior of the driver when passing the warning sign road section are compared and analyzed,and the influence law of the driver’s behavior by the warning sign is preliminarily clarified.According to the behavior characteristics and differences,the supplementary suggestions on the design or setting of the warning sign are put forward.For example,warning signs such as "sharp turn to the right" and "up steep slope" should not be set in the section where the road alignment is more complex and dangerous,and warning signs such as "pay attention to livestock" should be set reasonably in combination with animation,brightness and other display methods.(3)Based on the cognitive differences and behavioral effects,this paper proposes the definition of warning utility and explores the indicators of warning utility.The generalized estimation equation is used to analyze the driver’s behavior data.The influencing factors of warning effectiveness and the internal relationship between warning effectiveness and driver’s behavior indicators are analyzed.Based on the model fitting results,the indicators of warning effectiveness are obtained: tension degree,standard deviation of acceleration,standard deviation of EMG,mean value of saccade duration,etc.;compared with the warning sign with a lead distance of 55 meters,the warning sign with a lead distance of 30 meters has better warning effectiveness.From the perspective of driver and warning signs,through driving simulation experiment and questionnaire,this paper studies the effect of warning signs on drivers and cognitive differences of different types of drivers,and obtains supplementary suggestions on the optimal setting of warning signs and indicators of warning effectiveness.The results can not only improve the setting effect of warning signs,but also provide a reference for the related research of other traffic safety facilities.