Economic Dispatching Optimization And Quantity Planning Of Electric Vehicle Of Virtual Power Plant Considering Packet Loss And Cyber Attack

With the large-scale application of communication facilities and smart metering infrastructure in power systems,the degree of coupling between power system and information system has continued to deepen.While the information system brings convenience to the operation and control of smart grid,it also introduces new risks to the power system.In recent years,power outages caused by delay,packet loss and cyberattack have seriously threatened the normal and stable operation of the power system.Compared with the traditional power grid,virtual power plants(VPPs)aggregate distributed energy depended on wireless communication technologies which are more vulnerable to cyber-attack.Therefore,it is of great significance to quantify the impact of packet loss and cyber-attack on the schedule of VPP,optimize the real-time scheduling strategy of VPPs and plan the number of connected electric vehicles(EVs)reasonably.Funded by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(51725701),This paper focuses on the real-time scheduling of VPP and the number of electric vehicles under packet loss and cyber-attack.The main research contents are as follows:In order to quantify the impact of packet loss on the VPP’s participation in the power market,a two-stage optimal scheduling model considering the packet loss of monitoring data was established.Firstly,the spectrum detection error is introduced into the two-state Markov chain model.Secondly,based on the modified four states discrete time Markov chain,the available probability of a single channel is calculated.According to the number of data packets that need to be transmitted in each scheduling period of VPP,genetic algorithm is used to optimize the number of data packets allocated to each communication channel.And then the average packet loss rate of virtual power plant is reduced.Finally,based on the revised wind power output and the number of dispatchable electric vehicles,a real time dispatching model is constructed.The objective function of the model is to minimize real-time output of virtual power plant and the day-ahead output plan.The model is a two-stage stochastic model.To reduce the calculation complexity of the model,the Model predictive control is deployed to solve the problem.The results of the calculation examples show that the packet queueing model proposed in this paper can effectively reduce the average packet loss rate of the virtual power plant and increase the profitability of virtual power plants participating in the power market.For the economic dispatch of virtual power plant under cyber-attack,a real-time scheduling model of virtual power plant is proposed considering packet loss and cyberattack.First of all,based on the probability density function of departure time,mileage and parking time of electric vehicles,the trajectory of electric vehicles in a day is obtained.Then,to reduce the dimensionality of the model,Minkowski addition is used to encapsulate large-scale electric vehicles as a generalized energy storage device.Secondly,based on the state transition model of electricity prices,the steady probability of each state is calculated,and the impact of packet loss and jamming attacks on electricity prices is analyzed at the same time.Finally,with the minimum real-time operating cost of virtual power plant as the objective function,a real-time optimal scheduling model is established.At the same time,the response process of electric vehicles in the real-time scheduling process is modeled by the Markov decision process.The results of calculation examples show that both power price packet loss and cyber-attack will affect the profit of virtual power plant from participating in the power market.At the same time,jamming attack has a greater impact on virtual power plant scheduling decisions than price modification attack.Based on the impact of the aforementioned packet loss and jamming attacks,a twostage "operation-planning" model that considers economic dispatch and the number of electric vehicles is proposed.Firstly,based on the given confidence interval of wind power output,the economic dispatch model is established with the minimum cost as the objective function,and the maximum acceptance and planned output of wind power in the virtual power plant are respectively obtained.Secondly,analyze the impact of packet loss and jamming attacks on the dispatchable number of electric vehicles,and modify the schedulable probability of electric vehicles at each time.Taking the maximum difference between the virtual power plant’s daily profit and the installation cost of the communication terminal and the penalty cost as the objective function,the model to quantify the optimal number of electric vehicles in virtual power plant connected to the model is established.Case study of the modified IEEE 30 bus system verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed model.