Study On Energy Consumption And Load Characteristics Of Residential Buildings In Typical Cities In Hot Summer And Cold Winter Areas

In areas with hot summers and cold winters,existing buildings have relatively poor indoor thermal and humidity environments.In order to improve indoor environmental quality,the energy consumption of air-conditioning and heating has increased year by year.At present,the theoretical research and actual measurement results of heating and air conditioning energy consumption in this area are quite different.This study aims to clarify the actual energy consumption level of heating and air conditioning in residential buildings in this area,and the load characteristics and energy consumption requirements when meeting the comfort needs of urban residents,so as to provide a theoretical basis for energy consumption regulation and prediction in this area.First,a total of 46 typical urban houses in Chengdu,Chongqing,and Shanghai were selected.From 2019/01/21 to 2020/10/26,the electrical power of 91 air conditioners and111 other household appliances were monitored,and indoor temperature and humidity data were collected at the same time.It is concluded that the earliest opening and the latest closing time of air-conditioning are extended by 1～2 months compared with the calculation period of heating and air-conditioning in the current regulations.The number of days when the air-conditioning is turned on varies greatly among different households.Bedroom air conditioning has the highest proportion of 1-5 hours of use,accounting for more than 50%,and mainly used in summer from June to August,from 20:00 to 8:00,and in winter,from the end of November to early February,from 20:00 to 0:00.In summer,the air conditioners in the bedroom and the living room are used at the same time,and the time is mostly from 20:00 to 0:00 every day,which coincides with the time when the personnel are in the room.In the transition season,the indoor temperature is mainly concentrated at 17～29℃.During the cooling season,the indoor temperature is mainly concentrated at 25～29℃when the air conditioner is running,and the indoor temperature in the heating season ranges from 10～24℃.Secondly,it is concluded that the annual energy consumption per unit area of air conditioning in Chengdu,Chongqing and Shanghai is 13.97 k W?h/m~2,20.68 k W?h/m~2and 12.23 k W?h/m~2,respectively.From the daily meter reading data of 36 residential houses in Chengdu and Chongqing,based on the average daily power consumption in April and October,the proportion of summer air-conditioning power to the total annual power consumption is 14.66%and 19.62%respectively.Heating power consumption in winter accounted for 18.35%and 15.89%of total annual power consumption respectively.Given the proportion of terminal power consumption in 4 typical household structure(elderly+couple+children,couple+children,couple,single.)Moreover,the average daily use time of six home appliances(electric water heaters,rice cookers,TVs,range hoods,microwave ovens,washing machines)is given,the power consumption can be estimated by combining the power and frequency of use of the equipment.By using binary logistic regression,a prediction model of the air-conditioning opening probability and indoor temperature and humidity in a typical home structure is obtained.Thirdly,nine typical cities were selected to build energy consumption demand models for residential buildings in hot summer and cold winter areas from the seven aspects of family structure,house type,envelope,occupancy,heating and air conditioning calculation period,setting temperature and heating form.According to statistics of temperature of free-running buildings,buildings with recommended envelope have extended non-heating and air-conditioning time by 2.72%-10.95%compared to buildings built after 2010.Take into account the influence of the envelope on the indoor environment and the human body’s adaptability,based on the natural room temperature and indoor thermal and humid environment levels,the heating and air conditioning calculation period is refined with the city as a unit.Finally,according to the simulation results of Energyplus software,it is concluded that the heating form in the north is not suitable for hot summer and cold winter areas.Taking Chongqing as an example,the heat load per unit building area increased by61.49%-94.26%compared with the heat load of non-northern heating form.Compared with existing buildings,the energy saving rate is 1.81%-58.49%,using the recommended envelope and the energy saving rate is 29.17%-49.57%by changing the air conditioning setting temperature.The emission factor method is used to calculate heating and air conditioning carbon emissions.Take into account the urbanization rate,by 2030,new buildings adopt the recommended envelope,compared with the envelope of buildings after 2010,the reduction rate of heating and air conditioning energy consumption and carbon emissions is 5.92%-14.74%.