Study On Rural Settlement Optimization Based On Ecological Security Pattern In Habahe County

Ecological civilization construction has become a new mode of development under the Time-background that the ecological security has been widely attention.Under the development strategy of rural revitalization,it has become a new challenge to ensuring the harmony between humankind and nature and constructing settlements on the basis of protecting the ecological environment.This article takes Habahe County as the research area,based on Arc GIS10.2 and Fragstats4.2 software to analyze the distribution pattern,density,scale and other characteristics of settlement in 2009 and 2019,exploring the feature and problems of settlement layout.Constructing the ecological security pattern and settlement suitability evaluation system respectively to identify the key areas of ecological security protection and the appropriate partition of settlement layout.Taking ecological protection and the suitability of settlement layout as constraint conditions,the optimal settlement partition in the study area was identified,and put forward the countermeasures of ecological protection and rural settlement optimization based on ecological security pattern in Habahe County.Through the research,the following conclusions are drawn:(1)Habahe Country’s settlements are in concentration distribution in ten years,but the changes vary from town to town.The density of rural settlements in Habahe County varies obviously during the ten years.The areas with high settlement density are distributed in the area near the Habahe River basin and near the county seat of Habahe Country.It has the spatial distribution characteristic of gradually thinning out along the river.Through the scale analysis,it is found that there are significant difference in the rural settlements scale in Habahc County,and most of them are single-yard settlements and small settlements.From the change of ten years,it can be seen that single-yard settlements and large settlements have a trend of changing to small settlements and medium-sized settlements,and the land use of settlements has a trend of intensive development.Through the analysis of landscape spatial pattern change,it is concluded that the landscape pattern of settlements in Habahc County during the past ten years shows a state of small-scale growth,rapid development and high degree of fragmentation.The pattern of settlements patches develops to an irregular direction.The overall density of settlements increased significantly,but the connectivity and agglomeration degree of settlements decreased slightly.From the analysis of the influencing factors,it can be seen that the rural settlements in Habahe County have obvious terrain orientation and location orientation.In addition,geological disasters occur frequently in Habahe County,mainly including small collapses,landslides and debris flows.It can be seen that the villages and towns in Habahe County are in a state of disorderly development,and the ecological and environmental problems threatened the production and life of residents.(2)From the maintenance of ecosystem health and ensure regional security as the starting point,in view of the ecological environment problems,construction of water conservation security pattern,soil and water conservation security pattern and biodiversity conservation security pattern.Integrating these three single process security patterns as the comprehensive ecological security pattern of Habahe County,combination of the habitat quality to identify the key areas of ecological security protection which called ecological risk area,ecological conservation area,ecological maintenance area and ecological breeding area.This is taken as the constraint condition of the ecological environment optimization of the settlement.To facilitate production and life of the residents for the principle,based on the natural environment factors and social and economic factors,the evaluation index system for the suitability of settlement layout in Habahe County was constructed by selecting the indicators to identify the suitable settlement layout,called unsuitable area,low suitable area,relatively suitable area and high suitable area.This is regarded as the constraint condition for the optimization of settlement environment.(3)Considering the research results of ecological security pattern and the suitability degree of settlement layout in Habahe County comprehensively,the research is divided into forbidden construction area,restricted construction area,priority construction area and key development area,and optimize the zoning of rural settlements in Habahe County.It is suggested that residents in the forbidden construction area should be reasonably guided to carry out ecological migration to the priority construction areas of the same township.It is suggested to reasonably limit the expansion of settlement construction land in restricted construction areas,the coordination between the ecological environment and the development of the settlements should be strengthened,and the development potential of the settlements should be explored,and improve the regional ecological environment by improving the ability of soil and water conservation.It is suggested that the residents,who are forbidden construction area move to priority construction area,should be reasonably guided according to the actual situation of each township during the planning process.Reasonable planning should be carried out for the newly built settlements of immigrants so as to improve the production and living conditions of the residents while avoiding the damage to the ecological environment caused by the expansion of the settlements.It is suggested that settlements in key development area are recommended to improve land use efficiency,relevant policies for the benefit of the people can be formulated during the planning to reasonably guide scattered and small-scale settlements in the surrounding areas to concentrate on key development areas.Promote intensive production,develop characteristic industries,build modern communities,at the same time,we will steadily promote the comprehensive improvement of rural environment,raise residents’ awareness of environmental protection,improve residents’ living standards and the ecological environment,and build a beautiful countryside.